高校大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼的影响因素研究——基于社会生态学理论视角

Research on the influencing factors for disadvantaged college students’participation of physical exercise under social ecology theory

为探究高校大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼的影响因素,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对高校大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼的影响因素进行调查分析,在此基础上,运用SEM结构方程模型进行影响因素模型构建,最终确立了拟合度较佳的包含四个维度以及59个观测指标的影响因素模型。研究认为:大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼受家庭、学校、社区和个人因素的影响。其中,学校因素对大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼影响最大,其次为家庭因素,再次为个人因素,最后是社区因素。在学校因素中,对大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼影响的大小关系依次为“学校教学活动”“学校体育教师教学能力”“学校体育锻炼氛围”;在家庭因素中,“父母对我参加体育锻炼支持程度”影响最大;个人因素中,“自身的身体条件”“个人对体育锻炼的兴趣和目的”对大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼的影响较大;在社区因素中,“社区体育设施分布”是影响大学生体质弱势群体参与体育锻炼的主要因素。

In order to explore the influencing factors of physical education participation among disadvantaged university students in terms of physical fitness,this study used literature review,questionnaire survey,and mathematical statistics to approach this topic.Moreover,it adopted a structural equation model(SEM)to construct an influencing factor model,which included four dimensions and 19 observation indicators with a good degree of fit.The results revealed that family,school,community and personal factors all influenced disadvantaged college students’participation in physical education,among which,school had the greatest impact,followed by family factors,personal factors,and community factors.In terms of school factors,the influence ranking on disadvantaged university students’participation in physical education was“teaching activities”,“physical education teachers’teaching ability”,and“sports exercise atmosphere”.Among family factors,the degree of parents’support had the greatest influence.In terms of personal factors,“personal physical condition”and“personal interest and purpose in physical exercise”had a greater impact.In terms of community factors,“distribution of community sports facilities”was the main influencing factors.