云南小凉山沙村彝族城镇化过程中生猪消费的文化转换研究

A Study on Cultural Transformation of Pig Consumption in the Urbanization Process of Yi Ethnic Group in Shacun,Xiaoliangshan,Yunnan Province

小凉山易地搬迁政策改变了彝族搬迁户的生计模式、生活方式与消费饮食习惯。小凉山彝族对猪肉的消费从“黑猪”逐渐转变为“白猪”,而在神圣仪式生活中,他们依然坚守传统,通过“黑猪”维系着传统的社会结构与秩序。在城镇化的进程中正是因为小凉山彝族生活的“圣俗分流”,他们在日常生活中不断调适,在仪式生活中坚守传统。小凉山彝族在城镇化过程中通过传统文化和现代社会节奏的有机调适,让文化在变迁中得以延续。社会的变迁并未导致小凉山彝族社会文化的断裂,其传统文化依然起到了维持社会结构与秩序的作用,这与格尔茨在讨论爪哇社会遭遇社会变迁后导致文化延续断裂的现代性转换问题形成鲜明的对比。

The relocation policy in Xiaoliangshan has changed the livelihood mode,lifestyle,and consumption and dietary habits of Yi relocated households.The consumption of pork by the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan has gradually shifted from“black pigs”to“white pigs”.However,in their sacred ritual life,they still adhere to tradition and maintain traditional social structure and order through“black pigs”.In the process of urbanization,it is precisely because of the“separation of sacred customs”in the life of the Yi ethnic group that they constantly adapt in their daily lives and adhere to tradition in their ritual life.The changes in society have not led to the rupture of the social culture of the Yi ethnic group in Xiaoliangshan,and their traditional culture still plays a role in maintaining social structure and order.This is in stark contrast to Gertz’s discussion of the issue of modernity transformation that led to cultural continuity and fragmentation in Javanese society after experiencing social changes.