文化互鉴与民族认同:德法词汇交流考

Cultural Mutual Learning and National Identity:A Study of German-French Lexical Exchange

语言是社会变迁之镜与文化的载体,也是构建集体身份认同的基本依据。德法词汇交流的历时与共时比较揭示了非语言学(政治、经济、文化等)因素在中世纪以来法语占输出地位的词汇交流格局的形成和巩固中所起的关键作用。法语外来词通常以“自上而下”的途径借入德语,而德语外来词则大多“自下而上”借入法语,导致二者在语义范围、色彩义、融合度等方面的诸多差异。接受国语言纯净运动与近现代民族主义话语实践的联系既佐证了非语言学因素的决定性作用和语言的身份认同功能,也为当今时代提供了借鉴。

Language is not only the mirror of social development and the carrier of culture,but also the essential basis of collective identity building.A diachronic and synchronic comparison reveals the critical role that extralinguistic(political,economic,cultural,etc.)factors played in the formation and consolidation of the German-French lexical exchange pattern with a surplus of French foreign words since Middle Ages.French foreign words are usually borrowed into German in a top-down way,while German foreign words are mainly borrowed into French in a bottom-up way,which leads to various differences between French and German foreigh words in terms of semantic scope,colour meaning and integration degree,etc.The connection between linguistic purism movements and the modern discourse practice of nationalism not only proves the decisive effect of extralinguistic factors and the identity-building function of language,but also provides reference for the contemporary era.