不同粒径和来源大气颗粒物暴露与孕妇子痫前期发生风险的关联研究

A retrospective analysis on the impact of size-and sourcespecific ambient particles on preeclampsia

目的:探究不同粒径和来源的大气颗粒物暴露对孕妇子痫前期发生风险的影响。方法:从北京市某城区妇幼保健院收集2014—2018年的产前检查记录;监测同期气象数据和空气动力学直径5~560 nm的大气颗粒物数浓度(PNC),并应用正定矩阵因子分解法进行颗粒物的来源解析。采用Logistic回归分析大气颗粒物暴露与孕妇子痫前期发生风险的关联效应。结果:孕前3个月和孕早期暴露于空气动力学直径5~200 nm的颗粒物与孕妇子痫前期的发生存在正相关关系。孕前3个月的25~100 nm、100~200 nm粒径段的大气颗粒物暴露水平每增加四分位间距(IQR)浓度,子痫前期的发生风险分别增加36%[比值比(OR)=1.36,95%CI(1.04,1.76)]和40%[OR=1.40,95%CI(1.12,1.76)];孕早期5~25 nm和100~200 nm粒径段的大气颗粒物暴露水平每增加IQR浓度,子痫前期的发生风险分别增加46%[OR=1.46,95%CI(1.15,1.83)]和40%[OR=1.40,95%CI(1.08,1.82)]。子痫前期发生风险与孕前3个月和孕早期的大气核模态颗粒和汽油车排放颗粒暴露存在显著关联。结论:大气颗粒物,特别是交通来源的细小粒径颗粒物暴露可增加孕妇子痫前期的发生风险。

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to examine the impact of size-segregated and source-specific ambient particles on preeclampsia risk.METHODS:This study was conducted based on the antenatal examination records from Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2014-2018 in Beijing,China.Particle number concentrations(PNC)of particles in size fractions of 5-560 nm and meteorological data in this study area were collected.The sources of PNC5-560 were apportioned using the positive matrix factorization method.Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between maternal exposure to ambient particles and preeclampsia risk.RESULTS:Maternal exposure to particles in size fractions of 5-200 nm during preconception and early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of preeclampsia.Per an interquartile range(IQR)increment in PNC25-100 and PNC100-200 exposure during preconception,the excess risks of PE increased by 36%[OR(odd ratio)=1.36,95%CI(1.04,1.76)]and 40%[OR=1.40,95%CI(1.12,1.76)],respectively.Per an IQR increment in PNC5-25 and PNC100-200 exposure during early pregnancy,the excess risks of PE increased by 46%[OR=1.46,95%CI(1.15,1.83)]and 40%[OR=1.40,95%CI(1.08,1.82)],respectively.Maternal exposure to nucleation and gasoline vehicle emissions during preconception and early pregnancy was associated with the risk of preeclampsia.CONCLUSION:Maternal exposure to traffic-related ultrafine particles during preconception and early pregnancy may increase the risk of preeclampsia.