平台灵活就业人员基本医保参保机制研究——国际经验与中国启示

Research on the participation mechanism of basic medical insurance for platform workers: International experiences and implications for China

数字经济推动了经济增长和就业模式变革,但也使依托于数字平台的灵活就业人员面临基本医保权益缺失的风险。本文基于包容性治理理论构建了“机会—过程—结果”的参保机制三维分析框架,分析了国际上平台灵活就业人员基本医保参保机制的经验,并结合中国实际情况提出了基本医保参保机制的优化建议。研究发现,实现医疗保险之全民健康的价值取向、包容协调的参保机制、共享统一的公平待遇,是国际上处理平台灵活就业人员医疗保险参保问题的主要策略。因此,提出以下建议:首先以健康权至上的观念,拓展完善覆盖全民、统一的基本医疗保险制度;其次促进利益相关主体间的协同发展,以提升基本医保参保的制度韧性;最后强化基本医保的互助共济功能,促进基本医保的共同富裕效应。

The digital economy promotes economic growth and changes in employment patterns,but it also exposes platform workers to the risk of losing their basic medical insurance rights and interests.Based on the theory of inclusive governance,this paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of opportunity-process-result for the participation mechanism,analyzes the international experiences of basic medical insurance participation mechanism for platform workers,and puts forward suggestions for optimizing the basic medical insurance participation mechanism in light of China s actual situation.The finding shows that the value orientation of realizing the universal health of medical insurance,the inclusive and coordinated participation mechanism,and the fair treatment of sharing and unification are the main strategies to deal with the issue of medical insurance participation of platform workers in the international arena.Therefore,it is recommended to firstly,expand and improve the basic medical insurance system covering the whole population with the concept of the supremacy of the right to health;secondly,promote the synergistic development among the stakeholders to enhance the systemic resilience of the basic medical insurance;and lastly,strengthen the function of mutual assistance and mutual aid of the basic medical insurance to promote the common prosperity effect of the basic medical insurance.