油气电综合能源站电动车热失控危害试验研究

Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Hazard of Electric Vehicle in Oil-gas Power Station

针对电动车热失控风险与危害,搭建电动车锂离子电池热失控模拟试验平台,开展了锂离子电池热失控后的温升、产气和火灾特性等规律试验研究。试验表明,在安全阀打开之前,锂离子电池会逸出少量H_(2)和CO,H_(2)的浓度比CO浓度更大。当电池热失控安全阀打开后,H_(2)、CO和VOCs气体均快速排出,通过对比探测器的响应时间,H_(2)和VOCs的响应更快,且H_(2)最大峰值浓度可达57×10^(-6),超过CO最大浓度。60 Ah锂离子电池从热失控产气开始到燃烧完全,共耗时1221 s,锂离子电池燃烧剧烈、温度高,单体电池火焰最高温度达550℃,存在爆炸风险。

In view of the risks and hazards of thermal runaway of electric vehicles,a simulation test platform for thermal runaway of electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries was built,and experimental studies on the temperature rise,gas production and fire characteristics of lithium-ion batteries after thermal runaway were carried out.The test showed that before the safety valve was opened,the lithium-ion battery would escape a small amount of H_(2)and CO,and the concentration of H_(2)was larger than the concentration of CO.When the thermal runaway safety valve of the battery was opened,H_(2),CO and VOCs gas were quickly discharged.By comparing the response time of the detector,the response of H_(2)and VOCs was faster,and the maximum peak concentration of H_(2)can reach 57×10^(-6),exceeding the maximum concentration of CO.The total time from thermal runaway gas production to complete combustion of the 60 Ah lithium-ion battery was 1221 s.The lithium-ion battery burned violently and had a high temperature.The maximum flame temperature of a single battery reached 550℃,which led to the risk of explosion.