“滨海客家”的缘起与理论初探

The Origin and Theory of“Costal Hakka”

长期以来,由于客家人“逢山必住客,无客不住山”的特点,“山地客家”成为“客家学”研究主流,而“耕读传家、勤俭持家、吃苦耐劳、孝悌忠信、崇先报本”等具有浓郁农耕时代烙印的表达,也成为“客家精神”的固定认知。2007年,深圳首次提出“滨海客家”命题,对客家人与海洋文化相结合产生的文化新质进行研究,日益引起学界的关注与思考。回顾客家研究的前世今生,梳理深圳从山地客家到滨海客家的学术话语演变,并进行理论初探,想必是一件有意义的事情。

For a significant period,Hakka people’s tendency to settle in mountainous regions,as encapsulated in the saying“settling in the mountains wherever they go,and not settling where there are no Hakka”,has led to the dominance of the“mountainous Hakka”as the focal point of Hakka studies.Additionally,values such as“passing down the family through farmingand learning,frugality,endurance of hardship,filial piety,loyalty,and respect for ancestors”,which bear the indelible imprint of the agrarian era,have become entrenched as defining elements of the“Hakka spirit”.The year of 2007 witnessed the inaugural proposition of“coastal Hakka”by Shenzhen,marking the inception of research into the cultural innovation resulting fromthefusion of Hakka culture with maritime influences,a development that has increasingly captured the attention and contemplationof the scholarly community.A retrospective analysis of the evolution of Hakka studies,particularly in Shenzhen,fromthe focus onmountainous Hakka to the emergence of coastal Hakka as a scholarly discourse,coupled with a preliminary theoretical exploration,represents a profoundly meaningful endeavor.