论价值评价中的心理主义

On Psychologism in Value Evaluation

在心理主义看来,价值是通过人的情感相关的表象、意向、信念等一些心理活动呈现出来,由此引发了价值本质理解的情感主义和规范主义、实在论和自然主义、善的内在性和善的工具性之争,并发展出价值哲学两条主线:一条是由舍勒倡导、迈农发展——价值是情感呈现的价值理论;另一条是胡塞尔提倡——价值是意向的本质直观理论。前者主张价值是一种植根于内心深处的情感,情感须通过意向得以呈现,意向又把心理指向的价值世界目的化;本质直观既是一种基底信念,又具有固定意指的特性和内省状态的特点,应把价值理解为依据可接受行为因素而成化的一种心灵状态。当从价值与心理、心理与意向、心理与信念、心理与逻辑的角度,来理解价值评价问题,又引发了价值问题的心理主义与逻辑主义之争。

In the view of psychologism,value is presented through some psychological activities such as representations,intentions andbeliefs related to the emotional world of human beings,which leads to the conflict between emotionalism and normalism,realismandnaturalism,goodness intrinsic and goodness instrumental to the understanding of the essence of value.Two main value philosophies aredeveloped:one is advocated by Scheler and developed by Menon—the value theory presented by emotion;the other is Husserl'sclaim that value is the intuitive theory of intention.The former claims that value has an emotional basis rooted in the heart,whichmust be presented through intention,which makes the value world oriented by psychology purposeful.Essential intuition is a kind of basicbelief,which has the characteristics of fixed signification and introspective state,and value should also be understood as a mental stateformed by acceptable factors of behavior.In order to make the presentation of value clear.yet the dispute over the valae of thepsychologism and logic is caused.