试论中国民族民间舞的文化特性——以“文化模式”理论为分析视角

Cultural Characteristics of Chinese Ethnic and Folk Dance--Based on the Theory of Patterns of Culture as the Analytical Perspective

《文化模式》是美国人类学家本尼迪克特在1934年写成的著作,书中强调了文化对于人格塑造的影响,突出了心理学分析的成分,提出了“文化整合”这一重要的人类学理论,旨在通过心理分析来对文化做整体性的研究,探讨文化和个体之间的互动关系。中国民族民间舞,作为一种文化形态在文化相对论、文化整合、文化整体观以及文化模式对人的形塑等方面呈现出一定的文化特性。故以“文化模式”理论为分析视角来解读这种发展和现状,从而能更深层次地去理解中国民族民间舞学科的发展规律及历史脉络。

Patterns of Culture is a work written by anthropologist Ruth Benedict of America in 1934,which emphasizes the influence of culture on the shaping of personality,highlights the components of psychological analysis,and puts forward the important anthropological theory of cultural integration,aiming to make a holistic study of culture through psychological analysis and explore the interactive relationship between culture and individuals.She believes that culture as a holistic form,exerts a great influence on people in the development of society and integrates various behaviors in patterns of culture.As a cultural form,Chinese ethnic and folk dance shows certain cultural characteristics in the aspects of cultural relativity,cultural integration,cultural holistic view and the influence of patterns of culture on people,etc.The paper interprets the causes of this development and current situation from the perspective of patterns of culture,so as to understand the development law and historical context of Chinese ethnic and folk dance at a deeper level.