基于应用场景的丘陵山区农业机械化发展路径研究

Path research on the agricultural mechanization development in hilly and mountainous areas based on application scenarios

中国丘陵山地耕地面积、农作物播种面积分别占全国34.62%、34.20%,覆盖人口达54.2%,GDP仅占全国的30%,整体农业机械化水平未达50%,研究如何加快推进丘陵山区农业机械化是建设农业强国的迫切需求。本研究以我国耕作制度区划为基础,结合丘陵山区分布等因素开展丘陵山区农业机械化区划;以各地区资源禀赋条件、经济社会情况、产业经济效益为基础,梳理我国丘陵山区农业机械化发展现状,从丘陵山区耕地条件、土壤和农艺等方面分析我国丘陵山区农机应用特殊场景,结合农机研发制造和推广应用等因素分析我国丘陵山区农业机械化发展的瓶颈;围绕丘陵山区应用场景探讨提出紧凑型轻量化的专用发动机、轻量化及减黏降阻的先进材料、轻简化的整机结构设计等十大农机共性技术需求以及黏重土壤的高效低耗耕整地装备、缓坡地黏重土壤的大宗粮油糖和高山蔬菜播种装备、缓坡地黏重土壤的油菜和高山蔬菜移栽装备等十大农机适用装备需求;借鉴日本、韩国等丘陵山区农业机械化发展经验,从良机—良种—良法—良田—良制深入融合和研产推用四位一体化的角度提出系统推进丘陵山区机械化的思路与举措,以促进丘陵山区农业机械化高质量发展。

In China,the hilly and mountainous areas account for 34.62% of the total cultivated land and 34.20% of the total crop sown area,covering 54.2% of the population,while contributing only 30% to the national GDP.With the overall agricultural mechanization level below 50%,it is urgently needed to accelerate the development of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas to build an agricultural powerhouse.Based on the agricultural tillage system zoning in China,this paper conducts a zoning of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas,taking into account factors such as the distribution of hilly and mountainous areas.Based on the resource endowment conditions,economic and social conditions and industrial economic benefits,this paper summarizes the development status of agricultural mechanization,analyzes the special scenarios of agricultural machinery application from the aspects of cultivated land conditions,soil and agronomy,and analyzes the constraints and bottlenecks of agricultural mechanization development in combination with the factors of agricultural machinery research and development,manufacturing,promotion and application in hilly and mountainous areas of 7 China.In the context of the application scenario in hilly and mountainous areas,ten key agricultural machinery general technology needs are proposed,such as compact and lightweight specialized engines,lightweight and anti-adhesion and antifriction materials,and simplified machine structures.Ten applicable agricultural machinery equipment needs,such as efficient and low-cost tillage equipment in sticky soil,seeding equipment for grain,oil,sugar crops,and vegetables in mountainous areas for heavy and sticky soil in gentle slopes,and transplanting equipment for rape and vegetables in mountainous areas for heavy and sticky soil in gentle slopes,are also discussed.Drawing on the experience of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas of Japan,Republic of Korea,etc.,this paper puts forward a systematic approach to promoting agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas,focusing on the integration of good machines,good seeds,good methods,good farmland,and good systems,and the four-in-one approach of research,production,promotion,and use.This approach aims to promote the high-quality development of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas.