从风格内容到体制形式:词体观念的形成与演变

From Centent to Form:Formation and Evolution of the Concept of Ci Style

词在唐宋时期具有高度的实用功能,因此最初对于其特征的强调,多是就与音乐相谐和风格内容方面谈起。随着词乐的失传,这一现象逐渐改变。明人为了达到尊体的目的,开始重新将词置于音乐系统中考量,在词乐的失坠和明人对于词乐渴求的矛盾下,对于词体的认知也由内容风格逐渐开始转向词之为乐方面的体制特征。从体制形式认识词体的趋势在清代达到高峰,真正形成了从体制形式和风格内容两方面讨论词体的风气。词学在清代常州词派逐渐形成了"词人-学者"的身份模式,词之为学的观念成为时人对于词的普遍认知。随着现代学科化的确立,词的创作逐渐从词学中退居次位,于是在词学研究中,为了强调词的专门性,从体制形式方面认识词体就势所必至了。

During the Tang and Song dynasties,Ci poetry served primarily practical purposes,and the emphasis on its characteristics was often discussed in relation to its harmony with music and stylic content.However,as the tradition of Ci music gradually declined,this phenomenon began to change.In order to restore the dignity of Ci poetry,Ming scholars began to reevalate it with the context of the musical system.This shift in understanding Ci poetry form was driven by the contradiction between the loss of Ci music and the longing for its revival.Consequently,the focus of Ci poetry analysis gradually shifted from stylistic content to the musical aspects of Ci.The trend of understanding the Ci poetry form through its structural elements reached its peak during Qing Dynasty.Discussions on Ci poetry form encompassed both its structural elements and stylistic content.In the literary circles of Changzhou,the concept of“Ci poetry scholar”gradually emergyed.The idea of Ci poetry as a subject of scholarly study became widely recognized during this time.With the establishment of modern acadenic disciplines,Ci poetry gradually receded from the forefront of creative pursuits.As a result,in Ci literary studies,there emerged a need to emphasize the specialized nature of Co poetry,leading to a greater focus on understanding the Ci poetry form through its structural elements.