非圆截面及非对称型面高速精密车削关键技术研究

Research on Key Technologies for High-Speed Precision Turning of Noncircular Cross-Sections and Asymmetrical Surfaces

针对非圆截面及非对称型面的高速精密车削加工难题,提出一种基于快速刀具进给伺服系统的该类型面数控车削加工方法。通过分析非圆截面及非对称表面数控车削原理、快速刀具进给伺服机构及其控制方法,并通过车削实验验证了方法的有效性。首先,分析了非圆截面与非对称表面车削的原理、复杂几何形状工件的轮廓数据处理机制和方法,为高速精密车削提供准确的工件描述。其次,快速刀具进给伺服机构是实现高速精密车削的关键,分析了各种快速进给系统优缺点,提出了采用直线电机的快速刀具进给伺服机构,采用自抗扰控制算法控制快速刀具伺服系统。最后,通过试制的实验样机车削实验验证了基于自抗扰控制的快速刀具进给伺服机构及其数控车削系统的技术和方法的可行性。实验结果表明,该技术能够成功地实现非圆截面及非对称型面工件加工,并能够实现较高的尺寸精度和表面质量,满足复杂型面工件的加工需求。

In response to the challenges posed by high-speed precision turning for non-circular cross-sections and asymmetric surfaces,a numerical control(NC)turning method based on a fast tool feed servo system tailored was proposed for this type of surface machining.The principles of NC turning for non-circular cross-sections and asymmetric surfaces,the fast tool feed servo mechanism,and its control methodology were analyzed,and the effectiveness of the method was verified by turning experiment,Firstly,the principles of NC turning for non-circular cross-sections and asymmetric surfaces,the mechanisms and methods for processing profile data of complex geometric workpieces were analyzed,so as to provid precise workpiece descriptions essential for achieving high-speed precision turning.Secondly,because the fast tool feed servo mechanism is crucial for achieving high-speed precision turning,the advantages and disadvantages of different rapid feed systems were analyzed,and the fast tool feed servo mechanism using linear motor was proposed,and an Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC)algorithm was used to control the fast tool feed servo system.Lastly,the feasibility of the proposed technology and method of the fast tool feed servomechanism and its NC turning system based on active disturbance rejection control was verified by the turning experiment of the prototype.The experimental results show that this technology can successfully realize the machining of non-circular section and asymmetric surface workpiece,and can achieve higher dimensional accuracy and surface quality,and meet the machining requirements of complex surface workpiece.