低合金高强钢焊丝熔滴过渡形态及飞溅分析研究

Study on Droplet Transition Mode and Spatter Analysis of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Welding Wire

利用高速摄像系统对自主研发低合金高强钢焊丝焊接过程的熔滴进行拍摄,分析整个焊接过程中的熔滴过渡模式与飞溅产生机理,研究合金元素与焊接热输入对焊丝的熔滴过渡形态产生的影响。试验结果表明,焊接过程中出现了滴状过渡、短路过渡、射滴过渡3种熔滴过渡模式与电弧力引起的飞溅、爆炸飞溅、熔池偏飞、颗粒偏飞4种飞溅形式。合金元素含量改变了熔滴的物理化学性质,焊接热输入改变熔滴的受力与熔滴熔池形态,从而改变了焊接过程中熔滴过渡与飞溅形式。通过综合比较分析,发现#3焊丝的焊接过程电弧最稳定,飞溅最小。

The droplets in welding process of four kinds of low-alloy high-strength steel welding wires were photographed by high speed camera system.The droplet transition mode and splashing mechanism in the whole welding process were analyzed.The effects of alloy elements and welding heat input on the droplet transition mode of welding wires were studied.The experimental results show that there are three kinds of droplet transition mode,droplet transition,short circuit transition,and jet drop transition,and four kinds of spatter forms caused by arc force,splashing,explosion splashing,molten pool deviation and particle deviation in the welding process.The content of alloy elements changes the physical and chemical properties of droplets,and the welding heat input changes the force and the shape of the molten pool,thus changing the droplet transition and spatter form in the welding process.Through comprehensive comparison and analysis,it is found that the arc of#3 welding wire is the most stable and the least splash in the welding process.