多酚、黄酮功能性成分导向的草果种质资源评价

Evaluation of Amomum tsao-ko Germplasm Resources Oriented by Functional Components of Polyphenols and Flavonoids

草果是一种富含多酚和黄酮的药食同源作物。功能性草果资源的研究评价是育种利用和产业化开发的核心。本研究旨在草果资源的通便活性成分多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性差异分析,进行草果种质资源的筛选评价,探讨成分积累的可能因素。对来自老挝、缅甸,我国四川、广西、云南的57份草果资源,采用福林酚法、NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH比色法分别测定草果水提物的多酚、黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力,分析多酚和黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、地理因子之间的相关性。结果表明:采用广靶代谢组学检测草果水提物的组分构成,检测出草果水提物中含量最高的为黄酮(46.34%)和多酚(15.98%);通过小肠墨汁推进实验验证草果水提物具有润肠通便功效;纺锤形草果资源的多酚和黄酮含量高于椭圆形果和圆形果,国外和我国云南怒江的草果资源的黄酮含量高于其他地区种质;草果多酚、黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、海拔高度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与经度(P<0.05)、纬度(P>0.05)呈负相关,因此推测草果多酚和黄酮的积累可能与温度、光照、紫外线、土壤水分有关。以多酚和黄酮含量作为评价指标,将草果资源分为3个等级,利用该方法筛选到优良草果资源为我国云南怒江种质GS-3、GS-10和国外种质MDL-1、MGK-2。研究结果可为草果质量等级评价体系的建立提供分析方法,不但可以指导草果资源的考察和收集,而且可为草果资源的育种研究和新产品开发利用提供科学依据。

Amomum tsao-ko(AT)is a medicinal and food homologous crop rich in polyphenols and flavonoids.The germplasm of AT is relatively mixed,and it is urgent to carry out research on AT germplasm resources and screening of high-quality AT seed sources.This study aimed to screen and evaluate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activities of laxative active components of AT resources,and to explore the possible factors of component accumulation.In this study,a total of 57 samples were collected in Laos,Myanmar,Sichuan,Guangxi and Yunnan in China,and the polyphenol content and flavonoid content of AT aqueous extract were determined by forinphenol method and NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colorimetric method,and the DPPH radical scavenging ability of AT aqueous extract was detected.The correlation between polyphenol and flavonoid content,DPPH radical scavenging capacity and geographic factors was analyzed.The results showed that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in spindle-shaped AT resources was higher than that of oval fruit and round fruit,and the content of flavonoids in AT resources abroad and Nujiang was higher than that in other regions(outside the province,western Yunnan,southwest Yunnan,Wenshan and Honghe).The content of AT polyphenols and flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging capacity and altitude(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with longitude(P<0.05)and latitude(P>0.05),so it was speculated that the accumulation of AT polyphenols and flavonoids may be related to temperature,light,ultraviolet rays and soil mois-ture.Finally,according to polyphenols,flavonoids,the classification standards were formulated,and the AT resources were divided into three grades,which would provide an analysis method for the establishment of the AT quality grade evaluation system.The excellent AT resources were screened by this method as Nujiang samples GS-3 and GS-10 and foreign samples MDL-1 and MGK-2.This study would provide a scientific basis for the investigation and collection of AT,as well as the study of origin and evolution,and also lay a solid foundation for the utilization of AT resources and the development of industry in the future.