论判断的模态

On the Modality of Judgment

从系词与模态的关系看模态是“是”之方式,必然和可能这样的模态词位于“是”之外,它们是作用于句子的修饰词。康德把判断的模态分为或然的、实然的和绝然的,认为模态与判断的内容无关。弗雷格认为必然判断的形式对概念文字是没有意义的。从弗雷格引入的判断符号的意谓来看,这种观点是有道理的。根据弗雷格提出的涵义和意谓分析方法,对模态句子进行分析可以得出,模态词意谓以思想为自变元、以真值为函数值的概念。奎因提出的指称不明语境以及从物模态的问题,也可以通过模态词的意谓来解释。

A modality is a model of“being”from the perspective of the relationship between the copula and modality.The modalities of necessity and possibility are outside of“being”.They are modifiers on sentences.Kant divided the modalities of judgment into the categories of problematic,assertic and adpodictic,and claimed that modalities have no relation with the content of a judgment.Frege regarded the form of necessary judgment as meaningless for the purpose of his concept-script.Frege's conception is justified by the meaning of the judgment symbol introduced by him.According to the sensemeaning analysis proposed by Frege,we can give an analysis of modal sentences in which the meaning of a modality is a concept which take a thought as a variable and truth value as the function value.Quines question on the reference-opaque context and the de re modality can also be explained by the meaning of a modality.