监察法规的法律属性、位阶与规制——基于《立法法》第118条的学理阐释

The Legal Position,Hierarchy and Regulation of Supervisory Regulations:A Theoretical Interpretation Based on Article 118 of The Legislative Law

2023年新修订的《立法法》在“附则”中对国家监察委员会监察法规的制定和备案作出了规定,但监察法规的法律属性、效力位阶及备案审查程序等问题则未具体展开。在中国宪制框架下,监察法规是中国特色社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分,也是监察法律法规体系中的重要内容。通过国家法规体系内部比较发现,监察法规是中国立法体制中的一种新型法规形式,其位阶应与行政法规、军事法规相当。加强对监察法规的法律规制,是深化国家监察体制改革和全面推进依法治国的重要之举,其具体规制路径是以监察法规的制定、实施、监督为着力点,修正《监察法》《立法法》相关条款,制定《监察立法工作条例》,健全新时代中国特色监察法律法规体系。

The newly revised Legislative Law of 2023 provides for the formulation and filing of the supervisory regulations of the National Supervisory Commission in the“Supplementary Provisions”,but issues such as the legal attributes,effectiveness level and filing review procedures of supervisory regulations have not been specifically expanded.Under the Chinese constitutional framework,the supervisory regulations are an important part of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and also an important part of the supervisory legal and regulatory system.Through the internal comparison of the national regulatory system,it is found that the supervisory regulations are a new regulation form in China's legislative system,and its level should be comparable to that of administrative regulations and military regulations.Strengthening the legal regulation of the supervision regulations is an important move to deepen the reform of the national supervision system and fully promote the rule of law in the country.The specific path of regulation is to focus on the formulation,implementation,and supervision of supervisory regulations,and to amend the relevant provisions of The Supervisory Law and The Legislative Law,formulate The Regulations on the Work of Supervisory Legislation,and improve the supervisory legal and regulatory system with Chinese characteristics in the new era.