人口长期均衡发展视域下当代中国婚育观念及新型婚育文化构建

The Concept and Its Construction of New Marriage and Childbearing Culture in Modern China under the Perspective of Long-term and Balanced Development of Population

婚育观念对婚育行为的塑造具有基础性的导向作用。面对我国人口规模和结构显著变化带来的持续性挑战,构建与人口长期均衡发展战略目标相适应的新型婚育文化具有深刻的理论和实践意义。改革开放以来,中国婚育观念发生了前所未有的变化,形塑了婚育年龄逐步推迟、离婚和同居现象增多、生育意愿和行为普遍降低、家庭关系结构多元发展等主要人口特征。究其原因,是经济发展推动社会大转型,全民尤其是女性受教育水平提高促使婚育观念发生转变,社会保障制度使家庭经济和赡养功能不断弱化,社会流动成本挤占婚育行为,物质主义和个人主义侵蚀婚育价值等综合因素共同驱动的结果。对此,构建新时代婚育文化应进一步完善婚育政策支持体系以增强婚育行为的积极效应,强化社会主义核心价值观引领,强调婚育责任和家国价值同构,增强性别平等意识,重视家庭建设,大力弘扬家文化优良传统,从而形成强大的社会主流意识和社会规范力量,实现适度的婚育水平,最终促进人口长期均衡发展。

The concept of marriage and childbearing has a fundamental guiding role in shaping marriage 102 and childbearing behavior.In the face of the continuous challenges brought about by the significant changes in the size and structure of China's population,it is of profound theoretical and practical significance to build a new marriage and childbearing culture that is compatible with the strategic goal of long-term and balanced development of population.Since the reform and opening up,the concept of marriage and childbearing in China has undergone unprecedented changes,forming the main population characteristics such as the gradual delay of marriage and childbearing age,the increase of divorce and cohabitation,the general reduction of fertility intention and behavior,and the diversified development of family relationship structure.The formation of such marriage and childbearing culture mentioned above is the results of many driving factors,such as the great social transformation driven by economic development,the improvement of the education level of all the people especially women,family economy and support function weakened by social security system,marriage and childbearing behavior squeezed by the cost of social mobility and the value of marriage and childbearing eroded by materialism and individualism.Thus,to build a new marriage and childbearing in the new era should further improve the marriage and childbearing policy support system to enhance the positive effect of marriage and childbearing behavior,strengthen the guidance of socialist core values,emphasize the responsibilities of marriage and childbearing to construct home and country value jointly,strengthen the consciousness of gender equality,attache great importance to the family construction,and vigorously carry forward the excellent traditional family culture,thus forming a strong social mainstream consciousness and social normative force,achieve a moderate level of marriage and childbearing,and eventually promote long-term and balanced development.