地震作用下调谐黏滞质量阻尼器阻尼比增效效应与优化设计研究

Effective damping ratio enhancement effect and optimal design of tuned viscous mass damper under seismic excitations

调谐黏滞质量阻尼器(Tuned Viscous Mass Damper,TVMD)是一种有效的被动惯容减震装置,本文针对地震作用下建筑结构TVMD阻尼比增效效应与优化设计展开研究。将TVMD对结构自身阻尼耗能功率的控制效果归纳为TVMD等效附加阻尼比,并基于随机振动理论推导了等效附加阻尼比的理论表达式。为了使TVMD更具实际应用价值,TVMD理论上应取得比同阻尼系数的黏滞阻尼器(VD)更大的等效附加阻尼比,这一现象定义为TVMD阻尼比增效效应,并定义了阻尼比增效系数来量化评估阻尼比增效效应。将等效附加阻尼比和阻尼比增效系数均作为优化目标,提出了TVMD最优设计参数理论解。参数分析结果表明,本文解具有良好的稳定性和适用性,为了更高效地发挥阻尼比增效效应,推荐TVMD质量比不超过0.3或阻尼比不超过0.1。以某七层标准钢框架结构作为工程算例展示了TVMD设计流程,并验证了本文解的有效性和优越性。算例分析结果表明,使用本文解设计TVMD能显著放大其阻尼元件变形,表现出了理想的阻尼比增效效应。与传统解相比,本文解还具有另一个明显优势,即保证TVMD的减震效果优于同阻尼系数的VD,不存在减震效率问题。

Tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD) is widely recognized as one of the promising inerter-based devices.This study focused on investigation of the effective damping ratio enhancement effect and optimal design of TVMD for building structures under seismic excitations.The TVMD control performance for the structural inherent damping energy dissipation power was regarded as an effective damping ratio added to the primary structure.Further,a theoretical expression of the TVMD effective damping ratio was derived based on the random vibration theory.To make the application of TVMD more valuable,TVMD was expected to obtain a larger effective damping ratio compared to the viscous damper(VD) with the same damping coefficient,which was defined as the effective damping ratio enhancement effect.The effective damping ratio enhancement factor was introduced for the quantitative evaluation of the enhancement effect on the damping ratio.Both the effective damping ratio and the effective damping ratio enhancement factor were considered as optimization objectives,and a closed-form solution of TVMD optimum design parameters was therefore proposed.Analysis results showed that the proposed closed-form solution had an excellent applicability and stability.The TVMD mass ratio and damping ratio were recommended to be less than 0.3 and 0.1,respectively,for the sake of the best efficiency of the damping ratio enhancement effect.A 7-story steel benchmark model was taken as an engineering example to illustrate the TVMD optimal design process and to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed closed-form solution.It was found that the deformation of the damping element for TVMD designed by the proposed closed-form solution was amplified remarkably,demonstrating the desired effective damping ratio enhancement effect.Most importantly,compared to the traditional closed-form solution,the best advantage of the proposed closed-form solution is to ensure that TVMD control performance is better than VD with the same damping coefficient,regardless of control efficiency problem.