斯巴达教育制度的特色及其现代意义

The Characteristics and Modern Significance of Spartan Education System

斯巴达是古希腊历史中一个重要的具有典型性的城邦。因其独特的社会环境和城邦发展的需要,斯巴达发展出一套以严厉残酷和尚武著称的教育制度。斯巴达人从一出生就要接受国家规定的体育与军事教育、道德与法治教育以及智育。斯巴达教育的基本目的是培养健壮、善战、勇敢、忍耐、服从的公民。虽然斯巴达的教育体制引起后人的批评,但斯巴达的教育制度对巩固国家政权和维护国家地位发挥了重要的作用。斯巴达教育制度不仅在柏拉图和卢梭等教育哲人那里获得认可,而且在现代教育体系中也一直发挥持久的影响。但是,有关斯巴达教育的种种想象存在一些误解。事实上,斯巴达教育并非反智教育,也并非长期推行“尚武”教育,斯巴达的“全民皆兵”并不涵括所有民众。斯巴达教育的现代意义在于强化公民教育、意志教育和早期教育。

Sparta was an important and typical city-state in ancient Greek history.Due to the unique social environment and the needs of the development,Sparta developed a set of education system that was famous for its harshness,cruelty and martial arts training.It was mandated for all Spartans to receive physical and military training,moral and legal education,intellectual education,from the first day as they were born.The sole purpose of Spartan education was to cultivate citizens that were strong,good at fighting,brave,stoical and obedient.Despite all the criticisms from later generations,the Spartan education system had played an important role in consolidating the state power and enforcing the state status.The Spartan education system was not only approved by educational philosophers such as Plato and Rousseau in the past,but also has a lasting influence in the modern education system.However,there are some misunderstandings about the imagination of Spartan education.In fact,Spartan education is not anti-intellectual education or long-term implementation of“martial”education.Spartan's“all the people are soldiers”does not include all the people.The modern significance of Spartan education lies in strengthening civic education,will education and early education.