不同规模生猪养殖的成本收益及全要素生产率的动态实证分析

Dynamic Empirical Analysis on Cost-benefit and Total Factor Productivity of Pig Breeding in Different Scales

探究不同生猪养殖模式的盈利能力和全要素生产率,对于生猪行业高质量发展和保障猪肉有效供应具有重要意义。该文利用2009-2019年的省级面板数据,对不同养殖模式的成分收益进行分析,并利用DEA模型的Malmquist指数方法,对不同生猪养殖模式的全要素生产率进行测度及分解。结果发现:规模养殖模式具有成本比较优势,规模养殖利润高于散养,呈现周期性波动,且散养模式波动最大。不同养殖模式的全要素生产率都表现为略微提升,这主要是由于技术变化的改善,且技术效率却呈现总体下降的特征,其下降是纯技术效率和规模效率的双拖累作用所致。基于此,提出了规模化养殖、政策补贴和提高全要素生产率的建议。

Exploring the profitability and total factor productivity of different pig breeding models is of great significance for the high-quality development of the pig industry and the effective supply of pork.This paper analyzes the component income of different pig breeding models with the provincial panel data from 2009 to 2019,and measures and decomposes the total factor productivity of different pig breeding models using the Malmquist index method of DEA model.The results showed that the scale breeding mode had a comparative advantage in cost,the profit of scale breeding was higher than that of free-range breeding,showing periodic fluctuations,and the free-range breeding mode had the largest fluctuations.The total factor productivity of different breeding modes increased slightly,which was mainly due to the improvement of technical changes,but the technical efficiency showed an overall decline,which was caused by the double drag effect of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Based on this,this paper puts forward some suggestions,including large-scale breeding,policy subsidies and improving total factor productivity.