论公诉变更规则:以《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改切入

On the Rules of Public Prosecution Amendment:From the Perspective of the Fourth Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law

“变更、追加、补充起诉”系大陆法系广义“公诉变更”的概念范畴。“变更起诉”的本质是在案件同一性范围内的起诉更正,适用于如下场景:其一,在案件同一性范围内对被告人身份记载的变更;其二,在案件同一性范围内,对起诉事实作出扩张、限缩或者其他修改、更正;其三,在案件同一性范围内对罪名、适用法条的变更。“追加、补充起诉”的本质是不具有同一性但具有牵连关系案件的一并追诉,对于不构成牵连关系的案件,检察机关只能通过另行起诉的方式予以追诉。应当引入针对公诉事实同一性和案件牵连关系的法院审查程序,以确保检察机关作出“变更、追加、补充起诉”的决定合乎诉讼法理。

Altering,adding,and supplementing charges are conceptual categories of public prosecution alteration in the broad sense of the continental law system.The essence of“alteration of the prosecution”is the modification of the prosecution within the scope of case identity,applicable to the following scenarios:firstly,changes to the defendant’s identity record within the scope of case identity;secondly,expansion,restriction,or other modifications or corrections to the facts of the prosecution within the scope of case identity;thirdly,changes to the charges and applicable provisions within the scope of identity in the case.The essence of additional or supplementary prosecution is the joint prosecution of cases that are not identical but are related.For cases that do not constitute an implicated relationship,the procuratorial organ can only prosecute them by issuing a separate prosecution.A court review procedure concerning the identity of public prosecution facts and the implication of cases should be introduced to ensure that the procuratorial organs’decisions to“alter,add,or supplement prosecution”comply with litigation principles.