牛奶中外泌体的分离与鉴定科研创新实验教学设计

Isolation and Identification of Exosomes from Defatted Bovine Milk as A Research-Based Experiment

外泌体是一类细胞外囊泡,广泛存在于血液、尿液、乳汁中,可用作疾病诊断标志物、药物载体等,是目前化学相关领域的研究热点。本文设计开发出“牛奶中外泌体的分离与鉴定”这一科研创新实验,包含盐析及等电点法分离蛋白质、聚合物沉淀法提取外泌体、BCA法测定蛋白质含量、纳米金颗粒的合成、目测比色法特异性检测外泌体等五部分内容。本实验立足《化学类专业化学实验教学建议内容》和《化学类专业教学质量国家标准》,结合本科阶段教学内容,涉及无机化学、分析化学、生物化学、物理化学、材料化学等多个二级学科,在巩固学生基础实验技能、提升科学素养的同时,进一步培养学生科研探索及解决复杂问题的思维和能力。本实验模块化强,既可组合在一起作为科研创新实验,亦可拆分作为相应二级学科教学实验,十分契合不同层次的实验教学要求。

Exosome as a kind of extracellular vesicles,are widely distributed in body fluid,such as blood,urine and milk,etc.Exosomes can be used as disease diagnostic marker,drug delivery carrier,etc.,which is an emerging research area in chemistry.Herein,we designed a research-based experiment of isolation and identification of exosomes from defatted bovine milk.In this experiment,many chemical theories will be involved,such as salting-out and isoelectric point based method for protein separation,extraction of exosomes by polymer precipitation,BCA assay for quantification of protein,synthesis of nanoparticles,colorimetric method for identification of exosomes,etc.On the basis of“Chemical experiment teaching suggestions for chemistry majors”and“National standard for teaching quality of chemistry specialty”,this experiment involves many secondary disciplines,such as inorganic chemistry,analytical chemistry,biochemistry,physical chemistry,material chemistry,etc.Through accomplishing this experiments,the undergraduates will enhance their basic operation skills,improve the scientific literacy and the abilities of scientific research,exploration,and trouble shooting.This experiment can work together to be a comprehensive experiment,or be divided into several parts for independent experiments,satisfying the different requirements of the experiment teaching purpose.