基于核酸框架的分子机器

Nucleic acid framework-based molecular machines

分子机器是一种由分子构建的微型设备,在受到适当的刺激如光、温度、pH或电磁场时,它能够在分子水平上执行类似宏观机器的机械运动.然而,分子机器的研究仍面临着许多技术挑战,包括如何精确控制分子机器的运动,如何构建大规模的分子机器系统等.作为有潜力的分子自组装技术,利用DNA纳米技术可以构建复杂的刺激响应纳米机器并精确调控其在分子水平的运动.本文中,我们简单介绍了DNA纳米技术的组装原理,综述了响应DNA链置换、光、热、pH和电场等不同类型刺激的核酸框架分子机器,并探讨了它们在药物递送、构建三维等离子体光学器件以及作为生物分子标尺等方面的应用.

Molecular machines are micro-scale devices constructed from molecules that can perform mechanical movements at the molecular level similar to those of macroscopic machines when subjected to appropriate stimuli such as light,temperature,pH or electromagnetic fields.However,the research on molecular machines is still facing many technical challenges,including how to precisely control the movement of molecular machines and build large-scale molecular machine systems.As a promising molecular self-assembly approach,DNA nanotechnology can be used to construct complex stimuli-responsive nanomachines and precisely control their movement at the molecular scale.In this review,we introduced the assembly principles of DNA nanotechnology in brief,reviewed nucleic acid framework molecular machines responding to different types of stimuli such as DNA strand displacement,light,heat,pH,and electric fields,and explored their applications in drug delivery,constructing three dimensional plasmonic optical devices and acting as biological molecular rulers.