印度古典梵剧《沙恭达罗》藏译本比较

A Comparison of the Styles of Three Tibetan Translations of ‘Sakuntala ’

古印度著名诗人、剧作家迦梨陀娑(Kālidāsa)的梵剧《沙恭达罗》目前有三个藏文译本。以根敦群培、端智嘉、敖见三位译者的不同译本为研究对象,从惯用翻译策略、修辞手法、语境角度出发,对比分析了三个译本的翻译风格及特点。根敦群培的译文如行云流水,句式简洁而意味深长。其采用的意译手法,不仅保持了原文的精髓,更赋予了戏剧全新的生命。这是戏剧翻译的极高标准,值得每一位翻译者借鉴和学习。端智嘉的译文如同清澈的溪流,深入浅出,句式比原文更显丰满。他主要采用意译和增译的手法,使得原剧中的对话台词更加生动形象。在翻译过程中,他巧妙地融入了藏语《诗镜》中的修辞手法和比喻技巧,使得译文华美璀璨,犹如他本人的格律诗,豪放而不失细腻。然而,若过多依赖这些手法,可能会导致原文风格的流失,这是值得我们关注和思考的地方。敖见的译文堪称典雅,其句式简练而力度十足。他成功地描绘出了一种“丽而不华,朴而不质,音调和谐,富于暗示”的意境。他的翻译手法精准有度,既有直译的忠实,也有意译的灵动。在处理格律诗时,他能够巧妙地调整词句的位置,既保持了原文的韵味,又让译文更加生动有力。在选词方面,敖见更是独具匠心,每一个词汇都恰到好处,完美地传达了原文的含义。因此,每个文学翻译作品的多个译本都各具特色,展现了不同译者的翻译风格。源自于译者不同的翻译动机、文化背景、语言能力和个人偏好,这些差异使得每个译本都有其独特的魅力,丰富了文学作品的多样性。

Famous ancient Indian poet and playwright Kālidāsa’s‘Sakuntala’currently has three different versions of Tibetan translation,as dge vdun chos vphel,don vgrub rgayl,ao rgyan translated.As for research objectives,this paper compares and analyzes the translation styles and characteristics of the three translation versions from the perspectives of commonly used translation strategies,rhetorical devices,and context.dge vdun chos vphel’s translation is like flowing clouds and flowing water,with concise and meaningful sentence structures.The free translation technique adopted not only maintains the essence of the original text,but also gives the drama a brand new life.don vgrub rgayl’s translation is like a clear stream,deep and easy to understand,with more abundant sentence structures than the original text.He mainly uses free translation and additional translation techniques to make the dialogue lines in the original play more vivid and vivid.ao rgyan’s translation can be considered elegant,with concise and powerful sentence structures.He successfully portrayed an artistic conception of“beauty but not splendor,simplicity but not quality,harmonious tones,and rich hints”.In terms of word selection,ao rgyan is particularly ingenious,with each word perfectly conveying the meaning of the original text.Therefore,multiple translations of each literary translation work have their own characteristics,showcasing the translation styles of different translators.This is a very normal and natural phenomenon,originating from the translator’s different translation motivations,cultural backgrounds,language abilities,and personal preferences.These differences give each translation its unique charm and enrich the diversity of literary works.