文化相对主义中的价值困境与反思探究

Value Dilemma and Reflection in Cultural Relativism

在现代社会,伴随着全球化进程的加快,不同群体之间的文化交流也变得空前频繁。但在文化交流过程中,由于诸多社会因素的影响,导致文化交流之间的不平等。经济高速发展的国家依靠自身优势,对经济发展较为缓慢的国家进行文化层面上的同化,并为这样行为杜撰了“文化中心论”“历史进化论”等相关学说佐证其合理性,从而借此构建文化帝国。与此同时,伴随着社会学和人类学的发展,通过调查研究,学者深刻剖析了文化产生的条件,发现了文化自身的特殊性,证明“文化中心主义”的错误。以博厄斯等人类学家为代表构建了“文化相对主义”,以用来抵抗“文化中心主义”。在人类历史的进程之中,“文化相对主义”为保留文化的多样性,带来十分积极的影响。但随着现代化进程加快,“文化相对主义”本身具有的价值缺陷也逐渐暴露出来,因此,如何解决“文化相对主义”中的价值困境成为目前亟待解决的问题。

In modern society,with the acceleration of the process of globalization,cultural exchanges between diff erent groups have become unprecedentedly frequent.However,the inequality between cultural exchanges occur due to many social factors in the process of cultural exchange.For building a cultural empire,countries with rapid economic development rely on their own advantages to assimilate the cultural level of countries with slower economic development,and to justify such behavior by inventing relevant theories such as“culture-centered theory”and“historical evolution theory”.Along with the development of sociology and anthropology,scholars have deeply analyzed the conditions for the emergence of culture,fi nd the particularity of culture itself,and prove the error of“cultural centralism”.With Boas and other anthropologists as representatives,he constructed“cultural relativism”to resist“cultural centralism”.The value defects of“cultural relativism”are gradually exposed in the course of human history,“cultural relativism”has had a very positive impact on preserving cultural diversity.However,with the acceleration of the modernization process.Therefore,how to solve the value dilemma of“cultural relativism”has become an urgent problem to be solved.