衔接事前监管与事后规制——数字市场反垄断的新方向

Bridging Ex ante Supervision and Ex post Regulation:A New Direction for Anti monopoly in the Digital Market

数字市场的崛起向传统反垄断事后规制模式提出挑战——基础理论和技术失灵、严重的滞后性以及威慑度不足等缺陷在网络效应的影响下被无限放大。对欧盟和美国电信行业的成功案例进行分析发现,诸如《数字市场法》等事前监管措施介入数字环境下的反垄断领域具有必要性和正当性。事前监管与事后规制之间存在天然界限,需要在错误成本最小化的基础上合理分配管控范围,同时两者务必保持各自的独立性,不可贸然将事前监管纳入既有的反垄断体系,而应坚持其对市场秩序和安全的追求,发挥其独特的价值功用。我国在引入事前措施的过程中应立足国情,建立公平竞争的审查机制,明确司法程序各阶段的主导治理力量,事前与事后呼应以保证良好的衔接与互动。

The rise of the digital market poses a challenge to the traditional anti monopoly ex post regulation model,which is infinitely amplified by the influence of network effects,such as basic theory and technology failure,serious lag and insufficient deterrence.Based on the successful cases of the telecommunications industry in the EU and the United States,it is necessary and justified for ex ante regulatory measures such as the Digital Markets Act to intervene in the antitrust field in the digital environment.There is a natural boundary between ex ante regulation and ex post regulation,and it is necessary to rationally allocate the scope of control with the help of the analysis of error cost minimization,and at the same time,the two must maintain their respective independence,and should not rashly incorporate ex ante supervision into the existing anti monopoly system,but should adhere to their pursuit of market order and safety,and play a unique value function.In the process of introducing ex ante measures,China should establish a fair competition review mechanism based on national conditions,clarify the leading governance forces at each stage of the judicial process,and promote the formation of echoes before and after the event to ensure good cohesion and interaction.