巨噬细胞及其外泌体在骨科疾病中的作用

Role of macrophages and their exosomes in orthopedic diseases

外泌体是一种由细胞释放的具有脂质双分子层结构的膜性囊泡,大多数细胞均可分泌,通过携带各种蛋白质、DNA、非编码RNA、核酸等活性物质参与体内免疫反应、组织生成、细胞间信息交流。巨噬细胞作为体内吞噬细胞,可吞噬各种细胞碎片和组织碎片,并根据体内微环境的改变表现出不同的表型,即M1和M2型巨噬细胞,分别起促炎和抗炎作用。巨噬细胞及其外泌体与骨折愈合、骨肉瘤、类风湿性关节炎等骨科疾病密切相关。本综述重点探讨巨噬细胞及其外泌体与骨科疾病之间的密切联系。

Exosomes are vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure that carry various active substances,such as proteins,DNA,non-coding RNA,and nucleic acids.They participate in the immune response,tissue formation,and cell communication.Macrophages,as phagocytes in vivo,engulf various cellular and tissue fragments.Further,phagocytes exhibit different phenotypes(M1 and M2)according to in vivo changes in the microenvironment.M1 macrophages play an inflammatory role,whereas M2 macrophages play an anti-inflammatory role.In addition,macrophages and their exosomes are closely related to fracture healing and osteosarcoma,rheumatoid arthritis,and other orthopedic diseases.This review highlights the strong correlation between macrophages,their exosomes,and orthopedic diseases.