从技术加速到云租金——如何思考当代技术封建主义思潮

From technology acceleration to cloud rental:How to think about the contemporary technological feudalism trend

从2020年以来,以雅尼斯·瓦鲁法基斯、塞德里克·杜朗、约迪·迪恩等人为代表的技术封建主义思潮,在当代西方左翼思想中取代了左翼加速主义的地位。资本主义正在消亡,被一个政治上相对退步的形态所取代——技术封建主义。技术封建主义在传统的商品二重性和劳动二重性基础上,提出了资本的三重性这一概念,认为除了资本的具体形态之外,资本的占有还代表一种合法的剥削权力,以及在云资本下对用户行为的矫正和引导的权力。但这些概念建立在瓦鲁法基斯等人对马克思的资本和利润概念的误读基础上,其所提出的利润和市场的消亡为技术封建主义的发展铺就了道路,但这实际上并不代表建立在剩余价值基础上的资本主义生产方式的消亡;相反,技术封建主义顶多是一种基于云平台的资本主义亚形态,不构成对资本主义生产方式和生产关系的整体取代。

Since 2020,the technological feudalism trend represented by Yanis Varoufakis,Cedric Duran,Jody Dean,and others has replaced the glory of left-wing accelerationism in contemporary Western left-wing thought,pointing out that capitalism is dying and being replaced by a politically relatively regressive form:technological feudalism.Based on the traditional duality of commodities and labor,technological feudalism proposes the concept of the tripartite nature of capital,arguing that in addition to the specific form of capital,the possession of capital represents a legitimate power of exploitation,as well as the power to correct and guide users’behavior under cloud capitalism.However,these concepts are based on Varoufakis and others’misreading of Marx’s concept of capital and profit.They propose that the disappearance of profit and market paves the way for the development of technological feudalism,which actually does not represent the disappearance of the capitalist mode of production based on surplus value.On the contrary,technological feudalism is at most a sub-form of capitalism based on cloud platforms,which does not constitute an overall replacement of capitalist production methods and production relations.