冒用花呗行为定性之争:问题、本质及解释

The dispute over the qualitative of fraudulently using Huabei:The problem, the essence and the explanation

互联网金融领域的刑事犯罪治理难题表现出消极的点面效应。围绕冒用花呗的行为定性,至少存在花呗的法律属性定位、机器能否被骗、机器如何被骗的分析难题。其一,对于花呗的法律属性,研究论证的瑕疵在于客观解释立场的缺失。根据客观解释立场,“其他金融机构”中的“其他”意表除了商业银行以外的可以发行信用卡的金融机构,花呗属于刑法意义上的信用卡。其二,关于机器能否被骗。机器不具有自我意识的认识桎梏不能说明机器不可以被骗,否则只会固化人机关系“二元认识论”的旧观念,故机器不能被骗的立场应当被摒弃。其三,关于机器如何被骗。在探讨人工智能作为诈骗对象时引入预设同意理论已成为学界共识,然而该理论的运用现状过于粗简,其不仅可以说明机器的处分意识来源,更能说明人机关系的一体化。冒用花呗的行为定性中,关键特征是“人机交互的一体关系”,机器是自然人的电子代理人,人所排斥之事项即为机器所排斥之事项。第三方支付对于冒用者的身份要素陷入了错误认识,进而导致被害人财产受损。冒用花呗的行为应当定性为信用卡诈骗罪。

The challenges of criminal offense governance in the field of Internet finance show a negative point-side effect.Around the behavioral characterization of fraudulent use of Huabei,there are at least analytical difficulties in the positioning of the legal attributes of Huabei,whether the machine can be cheated,and how the machine can be cheated.First,for the legal attributes of Huabei,the flaw in the research argument is the lack of objective interpretation position.According to the objective interpretation position,the“other”in“other financial institutions”means financial institutions other than commercial banks that can issue credit cards,and Huabei is a credit card in the sense of criminal law.Second,whether the machine can be cheated.The shackle of the understanding that machines do not have self-awareness does not mean that they cannot be cheated,but only solidifies the old concept of“dualistic epistemology”of human-machine relationship,and the position that machines cannot be cheated should be discarded.Third,about how the machine is cheated.The introduction of the theory of predetermined consent when exploring artificial intelligence as a fraud object has become a consensus in the academic community.However,the current state of the theory is too simple,which not only explains the source of the machine’s disposition consciousness,but also explains the integration of human-machine relations.In the qualitative analysis of fraudulent use of Huabei,the key feature is the integrated relationship between humans and machines.The machine is the electronic agent of the natural person,and what the person rejects is what the machine rejects.Third-party payment is caught in a misperception of the identity elements of the impersonator,which in turn leads to damage to the victim’s property.The fraudulent use of Huabei should be characterized as credit card fraud.