隐喻视角下的汉日“眼”类惯用语的对比研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese“Eye”Idioms from the Perspective of Metaphor Theory

惯用语是广大民众思维智慧的结晶,“眼”是人体最重要的器官之一,在汉语和日语的人体词研究中均排首位,并各自产生大量与“眼”相关的惯用语。以汉语和日语中含有“眼”的隐喻惯用语为研究对象,首先通过定量分析找出彼此的共性,再以认知语言学的隐喻和转喻为理论基础,根据“眼”的实体隐喻目标域的不同,分别在容器域、意识域、情感域、能力域和思维域这五个目标域范围内以语料为基础对“眼”的实体隐喻进行具体分析,了解“眼”在汉日语惯用语中的语义扩展方式上的异同。研究得知:汉语和日语惯用语中“眼”的隐喻有诸多相似之处便是源于两国人民对“眼”认知思维的相似性;与此同时,由于中日地理环境、审美心理、价值观的不同,导致惯用语中“眼”的隐喻表达也存在很大的差异。

Idioms are the crystallization of the wisdom of people.“Eye”is one of the most important organs.It ranks first in the study of human words in both Chinese and Japanese,and produces a number of idioms related to“eye”.This paper takes the metaphorical idioms containing“eye”in Chinese and Japanese as the research object,Firstly,through quantitative analysis,it finds out the commonalities of each other,and then takes metaphor and metonymy of cognitive linguistics as the theoretical basis,according to the different target domains of the entity metaphor of“eye”.It studies the entity of“eye”on the basis of corpus within five target domains:container domain,consciousness domain,emotion domain,ability domain and thinking domain.The paper makes a specific analysis of metaphor to understand the similarities and differences in the semantic expansion of“eye”in Chinese and Japanese idioms.The research shows that there are many similarities between the metaphor of“eye”in Chinese and Japanese idioms,which stems from the similarity of the cognitive thinking of“eye”in the two countries.Due to the differences in geographical environment,aesthetic psychology and values between China and Japan,there are differences in the metaphorical expressions of“eye”in idioms.