核桃林间不同紫花苜蓿品种和播种量对其生产性能及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Different Alfalfa Varieties and Seeding Rates on Their Productive Performance and Soil Nutrients among Walnut Stands

为了探究核桃林间不同紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种和播种量对苜蓿生产性能及土壤养分的影响,于2023年4月在和田市热万村核桃林(2006年建植)间设置间作试验,试验包括紫花苜蓿的不同品种(赛沃、精英、超能、WL712)和不同播种量(15.0、22.5、30.0 kg/hm^(2))两个因素,共计13个处理。通过分析,对比品种、播种量因素下苜蓿根系性状及土壤养分、土壤酶活性间的差异。结果表明,播种量和不同品种交互作用对紫花苜蓿根系生长性状具有显著影响(P<0.05)。同时,播种量和不同品种交互作用对土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷、脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均有显著影响(P<0.05)。其中,30.0 kg/hm^(2)播种量,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量、脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,显著高于15.0 kg/hm^(2)和22.5 kg/hm^(2)播种量(P<0.05)。播种量相同条件下,超能的土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、蔗糖酶活性最高,显著高于赛沃、精英、WL712(P<0.05)。与清耕对照相比,30.0 kg/hm^(2)播种量,超能土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性增幅最大。核桃林间作选择超能紫花苜蓿播种量为30.0 kg/hm^(2),可显著改善核桃林间土壤养分和土壤酶活性。

This study aims to investigate the effects of different alfalfa varieties and seeding rates on alfalfa production performance and soil nutrients among walnut stands by carrying out intercropping experiments in April 2023 among walnut forests(planted in 2006)in Rewan Village,Hotan City,China.During the process of the experiments,different varieties of alfalfa(Sewo,Elite,Ultra,WL712)were included with different sowing rates(15.0 kg/hm^(2),22.5 kg/hm^(2),30.0 kg/hm^(2))with two factors.There were a total of 13 plot treatments.The differences between alfalfa root traits and soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities under the factors of variety and sowing rate were analyzed and compared.The results were as follows:the interaction between sowing rate and different varieties had a significant effect(P<0.05)on alfalfa root growth traits.Meanwhile,sowing rate and different varieties interaction had significant effects(P<0.05)on soil organic matter,total nitrogen,quick potassium,alkaline dissolved nitrogen,quick phosphorus,urease,sucrase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities.Among them,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline dissolved nitrogen,quick-acting potassium,quick-acting phosphorus,urease,sucrase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of 15 kg/hm^(2) and 22.5 kg/hm^(2) at 30 kg/hm^(2) sowing rate.Soil organic matter,total nitrogen,fast-acting potassium,and sucrase activities were the highest in Ultra alfalfa at the same sowing rate,and were significantly higher(P<0.05)than in Sewo,Elite,and WL712 alfalfa.Compared with the clear-tillage control,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-dissolved nitrogen,quick-acting potassium,sucrase,and alkaline phosphatase activities increased the most in the sowing rate of 30 kg/hm^(2) of Ultra alfalfa.In conclusion,the seeding rate of 30.0 kg/hm^(2) of Ultra alfalfa for intercropping in walnut forests can significantly improve the soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities in walnut stands.