日本中小学生心理问题现状与心理健康教育政策研究

Current Situation of Psychological Problems and Mental Health Education Policies for Elementary and Middle School Students in Japan

日本中小学生心理问题突出。特别是疫情发生以来,以拒绝上学、校园欺凌、自杀为主的心理问题案例数更是呈逐年上升态势。三级心理教育服务体系、团队学校、特别支援教育是日本三种主流的中小学心理健康教育政策,近年来均卓有成效,特别是三级心理教育服务体系在COVID-19危机期间将心理教育服务和疫情监控防控有效结合起来,实现了分级服务。同时,日本的心理健康教育政策也面临着一些诸如专业人员分布不均、教育资源不均且缺乏等困难与挑战。

Japanese elementary and secondary school students are facing prominent psychological issues.Especially since the outbreak of the pandemic,cases of psychological problems,including refusal to attend school,campus bullying,and suicide,have been on the rise year by year.The three-tier psychological education service system,school as team,and special support education are the three mainstream policies for promoting mental health education in Japanese elementary and middle schools.During the pandemic,all these policies have proven to be effective.Particularly,the three-tier psychological education service system effectively integrated psychological education services with pandemic monitoring and control during the COVID-19 crisis,achieving classified service.However,Japan’s mental health education policies also face challenges such as uneven distribution of professional personnel and educational resources.