中国城市数字技术创新的时空演化及影响因素

Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors analysis of digital technology innovation in Chinese cities

发展数字技术是数字经济时代应对新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要战略选择。本文使用专利数据界定数字技术并将其作为城市数字技术创新的度量指标,使用空间统计及计量经济学方法揭示中国城市数字技术创新的时空演化及影响因素。结果表明:①中国数字技术创新规模在需求与政策等多重因素驱动下呈现单调增长的态势,7类数字技术领域创新规模保持相对稳定的等级格局。②中国城市数字技术创新空间差异显著,其演化表现集聚与扩散并存的趋势,形成以京津冀、长三角、珠三角城市群为核心引领及以直辖市、省会城市、副省级城市为多点支撑的数字技术创新格局。7类数字技术创新的空间演化表现出由核心城市向外围城市扩散的相似历程,各类数字技术产出均始终高度集中于北京、上海、深圳等头部城市,但不同类型数字技术的主要城市构成略有差别,部分处于中高位序的城市在特定数字技术领域表现突出。③知识基础、技术引进是促进本地数字技术创新的重要因素,而制度因素对本地数字技术创新的推动作用仍待凸显,邻地各项解释变量对本地数字技术创新通常在虹吸作用下呈现出反向影响,或在溢出作用下表现为同向作用,异质性分析表明7类数字的影响因素表现相似性与异质性并存。

Under the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,it is crucial to vigor-ously develop digital technology.This paper defines digital technologies using patent data and employs them as a measure of urban digital technology innovation.Spatial statistical and econometric methods are used to re-veal the temporal evolution,spatial evolution,and influencing factors of digital technology innovation in Chinese cities.The results are as following:1)The scale of digital technology innovation in China presents a monotonically increasing trend driven by multiple factors such as demand and policies,with the innovation scale of 7 subdivided fields maintaining a relatively stable hierarchical pattern.2)There are significant spatial differences in digital technology innovation across Chinese cities.Its evolution exhibits a notable trend of ag-glomeration and diffusion coexistence,forming a digital technology innovation pattern with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),the Pearl River Delta(PRD)urban agglomerations as the core drivers,provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities as multi-point supporters.The spatial evolution of innova-tion in the 7 digital technology fields shows a similar process of diffusion from core cities to peripheral cities.The outputs of all types of digital technologies are highly concentrated in leading cities like Beijing,Shanghai,and Shenzhen,but the main city compositions for different types of digital technologies differ slightly.Some cities with overall middle-to-high rankings demonstrate relative comparative advantages in specific digital tech-nology fields.3)The influencing factors of digital technology innovation in Chinese cities exhibit significant spatial spillover characteristics.Knowledge bases and technology introduction are important factors promoting local digital technology innovation.However,the role of institutional factors in driving local digital techno-logy innovation remains to be highlighted.Neighboring regions’explanatory variables usually have a reverse impact on local digital technology innovation due to the suction effect or a unidirectional impact due to the spillover effect.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the influencing factors for the 7 digital technologies ex-hibit both similarities and heterogeneities.