表征与非表征视角下饮食地域刻板印象的验证与测量

Verification and measurement of food regional stereotype in the context of representation and non representation

饮食在地域之间不断交融,跨越国界、民族及社区,既成为一种表征的文化意义结构,也成为非表征的日常参与和实践,在表征与非表征视角下,饮食地域刻板印象的存在与具体内容值得探讨。为了厘清这一问题,本研究采用混合研究法对饮食地域刻板印象进行验证和测量。子研究1使用了问卷调查法检验外显层面的饮食地域刻板印象,子研究2采用语义启动的实验范式检验内隐层面的饮食地域刻板印象。研究发现,被试在内隐和外显层面均持有饮食地域刻板印象,主要包括主食偏好、口味偏好、份量偏好和具体菜品4个维度。本研究验证了饮食地域刻板印象具有外显和内隐、经验与情景并存的特征,这扩展了表征与非表征理论相结合的饮食社会文化地理知识。

Chinese culture is centered on food.In the context of representation and non representation theory,food crosses communities,nations,and boundaries.The cognition of food comes from the mobile life practice.There are customarily such expressions as“the sweet flavor in the south,the salty flavor in the north”and“he rice in the south,the wheat in the north”,can this be seen as a metaphor for the existence of widespread food territorial stereotypes?Based on mobility,it is worth to explore whether the food regional stereotype evolves dynamically or statically.This study adopted a mixed approach to validate and measure food regional stereo-types.Applying the exploratory sequence design,this study consisted of three sub-studies.Study 1 used con-tent analysis to initially examine the basic content of food regional stereotype.Data was crawled from Bilibili through Python,and used Rost CM6 software to analyze network text and construct semantic social network.Study 2 recruited subjects through convenience sampling and used the questionnaire survey to test the food re-gional stereotypes at the explicit level.Study 3 conducted Implicit Association Test to examine the existence of food implicit regional stereotype,and the experiment was designed with two within-subject variables(semant-ic consistency:consistency or inconsistency)×(objective area:south or north).Study 1 showed that the food re-gional stereotypes of the subjects were mainly reflected in the preferences of staple food and taste of the north and the south,which were specifically expressed as“sour in east,hot in west,sweet in south and salty in north”,consistent with the people’s previous cognition of food regional differences.Study 2 showed that the subjects tended to choose food words that matched the region,and formed eight specific dimensions,including:northern staple food,northern flavor,northern portion,northern dish,southern staple food,southern flavor,southern portion,and southern dish.Study 3 showed that:when the priming words of staple food,flavor,por-tion,and dishes were consistent with the target region(such as“noodles and the north”),the responding time was significantly lower than the inconsistency(such as“noodles and the south”).Overall,this study showed that the subjects held the regional stereotype of food in implicit and explicit levels,and the specific contents could be divided into four dimensions:staple food preference,flavor preference,portion preference and specif-ic dishes.This study has the following implications.At the theoretical level,this stable place perception repres-ented by food reflects the dialectical relationship between representation and non representation theory,and ex-pands the research content of immobility under the new mobility paradigm.From the perspective of practice,this study tries to interpret commonsense food regional stereotypes in a scientific way,so as to improve the public’s understanding of food regional stereotype and reduce food cultural conflicts.