用于海上溢油回收的多孔吸附材料研究进展

Progress on Porous Materials for Oil Spill

近几十年来,国内外海上溢油事故时有发生,对海洋生态环境构成了严重威胁并造成了巨大的经济损失和政治影响。本文梳理了多孔除油型海上溢油吸附材料的研究进展,根据吸附材料的结构特点将其分为颗粒/粉末材料,海绵/泡沫材料和其他多孔材料三类,从制备方法、制备材料与试剂、选择吸附性、循环使用性以及吸附能力等方面对典型多孔溢油吸附材料进行了对比研究,总结了上述三类溢油吸附材料的优缺点。经过综合对比,具有吸附性高、吸附量大、循环使用性好、密度较小等特点的溢油吸附材料往往能够有效且环保的处理溢油事故,是该领域的研究重点。本文还讨论了海上溢油吸附材料的研究前景,分析了该领域面临的挑战和可能的突破点。为了满足经济可行性及环境的可持续发展要求,未来可开发新型生物化学材料以实现其高效循环及针对性应用。

Offshore oil spill accidents have occurred frequently domestic and overseas in recent decades,causing serious threats to marine ecological environment,huge economic losses and political affects.This paper reviews the development of porous adsorption materials for offshore oil spill.According to the structural characteristics,adsorption materials can be divided into three categories,including particle/powder materials,sponge/foam materials and other porous materials.The advantages and disadvantages of these three kinds of oil spill adsorption materials are summarized via a comparative study,which is conducted from the aspects of preparation methods,preparation materials and reagents,selective adsorption,recycling and adsorption capacity.After a comprehensive comparison,it turns out that oil spill adsorption materials with characteristics of high adsorption ability,large adsorption capacity,good recycling and low density are often able to deal with oil spill accidents effectively and environmentally friendly,which is the key research in this field.This paper also discusses the prospect of offshore oil spill adsorption materials and analyzes the challenges and possible breakthroughs in this field.In order to meet the requirements of economic feasibility and environment sustainable development,new biochemical materials can be developed in the future to achieve their efficient recycling and targeted applications.