2010~2020年中国鸡蛋抗生素残留状况分析

Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Eggs in China from 2010 to 2020

目的:分析中国不同省份鸡蛋的食品安全形势,尤其是抗生素残留状况,发现其中存在的安全问题。方法:统计和分析2010至2020年中国24个省(自治区、直辖市)鸡蛋中9类抗生素(磺胺类、四环素类、硝基咪唑类、喹诺酮类、β-内酰胺类、酰胺醇类、硝基呋喃类、林可胺类、大环内酯类)的残留及超标情况。结果:总样本数为2482,抗生素总检出率为10.68%,总超标率为3.67%。在9类抗生素中,8类存在检出,5类存在超标;其中,磺胺类、四环素类、硝基咪唑类和喹诺酮类的残留情况最为严重,检出率均超过7%;硝基咪唑类和四环素类的超标情况最为严重,超标率均大于3%;大环内酯类未检出。在24个省(自治区、直辖市)中,22个省份存在抗生素残留,8个省份存在超标;其中,云南、河北、福建、浙江和宁夏的残留情况最为严重,检出率均超过10%;云南、河北和湖北的超标情况最为严重,超标率均大于6%。结论:不规范、不合理使用抗生素,甚至滥用抗生素的情况依然存在,鸡蛋中抗生素的残留及超标问题依然突出,兽用抗生素的管控形势依然严峻。

Objective:This study aims to analyze the food safety situation of eggs in different provinces of China,especially the status of antibiotic residues,and to find out the safety problems.Methods:The residues and over-standard levels of 9 kinds of antibiotics(sulfonamides,tetracyclines,nitroimidazoles,quinolones,β-lactams,amphenicols,nitrofurans,lincosamides and macrolides)in eggs in 24 provinces of China from 2010 to 2020 were collected and analyzed.Results:Overall,the total number of samples was 2482,with a detection rate of antibiotics of 10.68%and a over-standard rate of 3.67%.As for the 9 kinds of antibiotics,8 kinds were detected and 5 exceeded the standard,among which the residues of sulfonamides,tetracyclines,nitroimidazoles and quinolones were the most serious,and the detection rates were all over 7%;the over-standard problems of nitroimidazoles and tetracyclines were the most severe,and the over-standard rates were both more than 3%;while macrolides were not detected.As for the 24 provinces of China,antibiotic residues were found in 22 provinces and 8 exceeded the standard,among which the residues of Yunnan,Hebei,Fujian,Zhejiang and Ningxia provinces were the most serious,and the detection rates were all over 10%;the over-standard problems of Yunnan,Hebei and Hubei provinces were the most severe,and the over-standard rates were all more than 6%.Conclusion:Irregular and unreasonable use of antibiotics,and even abuse of antibiotics still exist.The problem of antibiotic residues in eggs is still outstanding.The situation of supervision and control of veterinary antibiotics remains severe.