犬支气管肺泡灌洗术建立及灌洗液细胞学统计分析

Development of bronchoalveolar lavage and cytological analysis of lavage fluid in dogs

旨在建立规范的支气管肺泡灌洗术(BAL)操作、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)细胞学检测流程和健康犬BALF相关指标的参考数据,为BAL在兽医临床上的应用提供参考。本研究选择无呼吸道疾病指征的14只健康比格犬进行多次经支气管镜肺泡灌洗术,回收BALF,统计回收率,并对其进行有核细胞总计数(TNCC)、细胞分类计数分析,通过BAL操作绘制健康犬的内镜下支气管解剖图。结果显示,98份BALF中样品合格回收率是92.1%,出血的概率为3.4%;成功采集的89份样本中,犬BALF回收率较高的肺叶为右副叶(64.5%)、左前叶后部(60.4%)、左前叶前部(57.7%),其余肺叶回收率均在40%~50%之间;BALF平均有核细胞数304.48×10~6个/L,细胞类型出现频率由高到低依次为巨噬细胞(85.9%)、淋巴细胞(13.0%)、中性粒细胞、肥大细胞、浆细胞,而上皮细胞比例受人为操作影响较大,一般在分类计数时忽略不计。本研究绘制了健康犬内镜下支气管镜解剖图,建立了兽医临床犬BAL操作流程,获得了健康犬BALF细胞学参考值,为兽医临床上犬的下呼吸道疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供帮助。

To establish standardized BAL procedures,BALF cytological testing procedures,and a standard database for healthy dogs in or⁃der to provide reference for the clinical application of bronchoalveolar lavage through fiberoptic bronchoscopy in veterinary medicine,in this study,14 healthy Beagle dogs with no signs of respiratory diseases were selected for multiple bronchoscopic alveolar lavage.BALF was recov⁃ered and the recovery rate was calculated.The total nucleated cell count(TNCC),cell classification counts and statistical analyses were per⁃formed.Atlas of endoscopic bronchial anatomy in healthy dogs was performed by BAL manipulation.The results were that the qualified rate of the samples in 98 BAL was 92.1%,and the probability of bleeding was 3.4%.In the 89 qualified samples,the highest BAL recovery rates were found in the right accessory lobe(64.5%),the posterior left cranial lobe(60.4%)and the anterior left cranial lobe(57.7%).The average quantity of the nucleated cells in BALF was 304.48×106/L,and the frequency of the cell types from high to low were that of macro⁃phages(85.9%),lymphocytes(13.0%),neutrophils,mast cells and plasma cells;while the proportion of epithelial cells was strongly af⁃fected by human manipulation,and was generally ignored in classification and counting.In this study,the atlas of endoscopic bronchial anat⁃omy in healthy dogs was drawn,the BAL operation procedure and the reference value of BALF cytology were established,which would be of help for the diagnosis and differentiation of canine lower respiratory diseases in veterinary clinic practice.