绿色转型背景下农业节水的政策演进、发展困境及破解对策

Policy Evolution, Development Dilemmas, and Countermeasuresfor Agricultural Water Conservation in the Context of Green Transformation

加强水资源节约集约利用,是保障国家粮食安全、促进农业可持续发展、推动农业强国建设的必然选择,是深入贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想和实施全面节约战略的重要内容。新发展阶段更加强调高质量发展,注重生产生活方式绿色转型,对水资源利用提出了新的更高要求,而农业节水仍然面临一些发展困境。这些困境主要来自不同政策目标之间的冲突、不同主体的利益目标不够一致、小农户与高效节水灌溉技术衔接不畅,以及智慧灌溉技术的推广和应用水平较低等方面。据此,要针对性地寻求摆脱农业节水发展困境的有效途径,进一步完善农业水价政策,建立健全以用水者为交易主体并在政府宏观调控下的水权交易制度,将灌区的人头费和维修养护经费纳入财政预算并建立相应的激励机制,加大对末级渠系的投资力度,因地制宜积极探索灌溉社会化服务模式,以落实全面节约战略,提升水资源节约集约利用能力。

Strengthening the efficient and sustainable use of water resources is a necessary step to ensure national food security,enhance sustainable agricultural development,and promote the construction of a powerful agricultural country.It is also an important part of the in-depth implementation of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought and the comprehensive conservation strategy.The new development stage emphasizes more on high-quality development,attaches great importance to the green transformation of production and lifestyle,and puts forward new and higher requirements for water resource utilization.However,agricultural water-saving still faces some development difficulties.These difficulties mainly come from conflicts between different policy objectives,inconsistent interests of different stakeholders,poor connection between small farmers and efficient water-saving irrigation technologies,and low levels of promotion and application of smart irrigation technologies.Based on this,in order to implement the comprehensive conservation strategy and enhance the ability of water resource conservation and intensive utilization,we need to seek effective ways to overcome the dilemma of agricultural water-saving development in a targeted manner.Specifically,it includes further improving agricultural water pricing policies,establishing and strengthening a water rights trading system with water users as the trading entity and under government macroeconomic regulation,including the headcount and maintenance expenses of irrigation areas in the fiscal budget and establishing corresponding incentive mechanisms,increasing investment in the final canal system,and actively exploring socialized irrigation service models tailored to local conditions.