川陕苏区的医疗卫生工作及其运行实态

Medical and Health Care Work in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area andIts Operation in Practice

川陕苏区建立后,苏区军民面临着战争创伤和疫病连年肆虐的严峻挑战。中国共产党的革命力量是以工农群众为主体,少有专业技术人员的参与,再加之川北乡村贫困落后,本就缺乏现代医学的根基,专业的医护人员和医疗用品极为缺乏,红军伤病员的处境亦十分艰难。面对困境和挑战,川陕苏区共产党人通过创建医疗卫生机构,挖掘当地中医药资源,培养速成医护人员,筹措、自制药品和医疗器械,建立伤员转运抢救体系,加强精神抚慰和物质优抚等举措,有效改善了苏区的医疗条件和伤病员的现实处境。其间,苏区的医疗卫生工作作为共产主义革命链条上的重要一环,也呈现了阶级意识、思想改造、物质优待、权势转移、革命理念等多个层面的要素聚集。

During the period of Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area,the military and civilians in the Soviet Area faced severe challenges of war trauma and epidemics that ravaged the area for years.However,the revolutionary force of the Communist Party of China(CPC)was mainly made up of workers and peasants,with little participation of professional technicians.Coupled with the poverty and backwardness of the villages in the northern Sichuan and Shaanxi areas,which lacked the foundation of modern medicine,there was an extreme lack of professional medical personnel and medical supplies,and the situation of the sick and wounded of the Red Army was also very severe.In the face of difficulties and challenges,the Communists in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area effectively improved the medical conditions and the reality of the sick and wounded in the Soviet Area through the creation of medical and health institutions,tapping the resources of local traditional Chinese medicine,cultivating quick-turnaround medical personnel,raising funds,producing their own medicines and medical equipment,establishing a system of transferring and rescuing the wounded,and strengthening the spiritual comfort and material comfort.In the meantime,as an important link in the chain of communist revolution,the medical and health care work in the Soviet Area also presented the aggregation of elements at multiple levels,such as class consciousness,ideological transformation,material preferential treatment,power transfer,and revolutionary philosophy.