马克思竞争理论视角下的平台经济及其演化特点

The Platform Economy and Its Evolutionary Characteristics from the Perspective of Marxist Competition Theory

竞争理论贯穿了马克思分析资本主义经济的全过程,也体现在马克思主义政治经济学理论体系中的多个环节。部门内部的竞争、部门之间的竞争以及不同资本类型之间的竞争,都深刻地影响了技术变革、产品创新、生产组织变迁等经济内容。平台经济作为一种融合了互联网、大数据等各种新兴技术的经济形式,也必然受到竞争逻辑的支配,其产生、发展以及所塑造的结果无不与竞争有着密切联系。在平台经济中,产业资本之间、产业资本与商业资本之间、土地等实体空间所有者与平台虚拟空间所有者之间,都会演化出一些新的竞争特征,这些竞争关系又决定了平台经济未来的发展趋势。在平台经济的发展过程中,须处理好平台之间的竞争关系,防止平台垄断和资本无序扩张,促进数字平台与实体经济的互相融合。

The competition theory runs through the whole process of Marx'analysis of capitalist economy,and it is also reflected in many links in the theoretical system of Marxist political economy.The competition within departments,between departments,and between different types of capital all profoundly affect economic content such as technological change,product innovation,and changes in production organization.Platform economy,as an economic form that integrates various emerging technologies such as Internet and big data,is bound to be dominated by the logic of competition,and its generation,development and results are all closely related to competition.In the platform economy,some new competitive characteristics will evolve between different industrial capitals,between industrial capitals and commercial capitals,and between owners of physical space like land and virtual space owners on platforms,which determines the future development trend of the platform economy.In the development process of the platform economy,it is necessary to handle properly the competitive relationship among platforms,prevent platform monopolies and disorderly capital expansion,and promote the integration of digital platforms and the real economy.