乐之真:庄子之乐的独特意蕴

The Nature of Joy:The Unique Implication of Zhuangzi’s Joy

乐是庄子哲学中的重要议题。庄子之乐分为个体与社会二重维度:在个体层面,他批评了“遁天倍情”的“俗之所乐”,追求“至乐”与“天乐”;在社会层面,他认为“至德之世”的共乐局面通过世德的完满回归实现每一个体自然化。庄子继承了老子之乐的内容,彰明了乐的价值取向,丰富了其内在意蕴,并奠定性真的人性基础;与孟子之乐的差别为“自然”与“道德”之间的对峙,体现在乐之根基、应对乐之限囿、境界内涵方面。总之,庄子之乐是真乐,他始终坚持自然主义的立场,以性真为内在基础,追求“真美合一”的审美境界,并将个体之真乐群体化。庄子之乐塑造了中国人的文化——心理结构,在“乐感文化”的文化形态中占据重要地位。

Joy is an important topic in Zhuangzi’s philosophy.Zhuangzi’s joy can be divided into individual and social dimensions:at the individual level,he criticizes the“ordinary people’s joy”of“adding a vulgar sentiment that goes against the natural nature”,pursues“supreme joy”and“heavenly joy”.At the social level,he believes that the common happiness situation of“the world of perfect virtue”realizes the naturalization of each individual through the perfect return of perfect virtue.Zhuangzi inherited the content of Laozi’s joy,highlighted the value orientation of joy,enriched its inner meaning,and laid the foundation of human nature for the natural nature;the difference between Zhuangzi and Mencius’joy is the confrontation between“nature”and“morality”,which is reflected in the foundation of joy,the response to the limitation of joy,and the connotation of realm.In a word,Zhuangzi’s joy is natural joy.He always adheres to the position of naturalism,pursues the aesthetic realm of“the unity of nature and beauty”,and universalizing the natural joy of individuals.Zhuangzi’s joy shapes the cultural-psychological structure of Chinese people,and plays an important role in the cultural form of“joy culture”.