明代河南急递铺浅析

An Analysis of Henan Express Post Stations in the Ming Dynasty

急递铺是我国邮驿组织之一,主要负责递送公文。明承元制,在急递铺的运行和管理方面有所完善。明代河南急递铺的分布特征是以县治为中心向外辐射,各地都设有如县前总铺一样的典型铺且分布广泛,但各地数量不均、铺距不均。基于独特的地理位置、国家管理需要以及宋元的历史遗留等原因,明廷在河南设置了600余所急递铺。明中后期,由于服役年份过长、工食银过低、法律严苛、急递铺越站、铺舍损毁等问题,河南急递铺最终走向形同虚设。

Express post station is one of China's postal organizations and mainly responsible for the delivery of official documents.The Ming dynasty,inheriting the system of the Yuan dynasty,has made some improvements in the operation and management of express post stations.The location of Henan express post stations in the Ming Dynasty was characterized by centering on the county government and radiating outward,and there were typical stations like the central county station in various places,but were widely distributed,and the number and distance between were uneven.Due to factors such as the unique geographical location,the needs of state management,and the historical legacy of the Song and Yuan dynasties,the Ming government set up more than 600 express post stations in Henan.During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty,because of such problems as too long years of service,too low salaries,strict laws,post delivery beyond stations,and damages to station buildings,Henan express stations eventually went like an empty shell.