典型石化园区VOCs排放特征及其风险评价

EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF VOCs IN A TYPICAL PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL PARK

为探究石化行业挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的排放特征、规律及其影响,以华北地区某石化园区为研究对象,监测其典型装置周边环境空气中的VOCs,并评估其环境风险和人体健康风险。结果表明:该石化园区环境空气中的VOCs以烷烃、烯烃为主,多数采样点的VOCs含量较低,组成相似,无明显特征污染物;部分采样点(如气浮池、乙烯装置周围)的VOCs含量较高,其VOCs组成明显受到装置排放的影响。总体看来,乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等低碳烷烃以及乙烯、丙烯等低碳烯烃是该石化园区的主要污染物。环境风险评估结果显示,烯烃对臭氧生成的贡献率最高,其中丙烯、乙烯、丙烷、甲苯、间对二甲苯等化合物为关键活性物种。芳烃是二次有机气溶胶生成的主要贡献组分,甲苯、间对二甲苯、苯、邻二甲苯是二次有机气溶胶生成贡献率较高的化合物。健康风险评估结果显示,该石化园区环境空气中的VOCs对石化园区工作人员不存在高致癌风险,且非致癌风险较低。

In order to study the emission characteristics,regularity and influence of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from the petrochemical industry,VOCs in the air around a petrochemical industrial park in North China was monitored,and environmental risks and human health risks were assessed.The results showed that main VOCs in the air were alkane and olefin,and the VOCs in most of the sampling sites were low in content,and similar in composition and no obvious characteristic pollutants.The VOCs content around some sampling sites such as air flotation tank and ethylene plant was higher,and the VOCs composition were obviously affected by the devices emission.In general,low carbon alkanes such as ethane,propane and butane,and low carbon olefins such as ethylene and propylene were the main species in the petrochemical industrial park.The generation of ozone was mainly contributed by olefin,and propylene,ethylene,propane,toluene,m p-xylene and other compounds were the key active species.Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene,m p-xylene,benzene and o-xylene were the main components contributing to the formation of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).The results of health risk assessment showed that VOCs in the ambient air of the petrochemical industrial park did not have a high carcinogenic risk to the employees,and the non-carcinogenic risk was low.