我国自然保护区内有机污染的来源和分布规律

Sources and Distribution of Organic Pollution in Some Nature Reserves of China

有机污染物在我国自然保护区内已广泛分布于大气、水体(包括沉积物)和土壤等环境介质中,并沿食物网积累,但目前相关研究较为分散。通过对29篇我国自然保护区有机污染相关报道进行整理和归纳,发现如下规律:在污染来源上,大气是最常见的输入途径,而临近保护区的人为活动则导致污染物在点源或小范围面源的高浓度污染;在污染分布上,相比于沉积物和生物,大气、水体和土壤中的污染浓度受和污染源之间距离的影响较小。因此,尽管一些保护区的污染已得到有效控制,新兴有机污染物的在多种介质内的分布和迁移仍然亟待重视,且相关研究数量较少,说明该领域仍需更多关注。

In nature reserves of China,organic pollutants have been distributed in environmental media such as atmosphere,water(including sediment)and soil,and eventually accumulated along the food web.However,researches are currently scattered.Through the collation and induction of 29 related literature,it can be found that the atmospheric transport is the most common input route in terms of pollution sources,while human activities near nature reserves lead to high-concentration pollution from point sources or small-scale non-point sources.In terms of pollution distribution,concentrations of pollutants in atmosphere,water and soil are less affected by the distance from the pollution source than those in sediments and organisms.Therefore,although the pollution in some nature reserves has been effectively controlled,the distribution and transfer of emerging organic pollutants in different kinds of media is still insufficient.In addition,the small quantity of relevant studies indicates that this area still needs an increasing attention.