学历提升对实现高质量就业的贡献——基于经合组织2000—2023年《教育概览》数据的多维分析

The Contribution of Educational Promotion to Achieving Quality Employment--Multidimensional Analysis Based on the Data of Education at a Glance in 2000-2023

毕业生就业问题一直是社会关注的焦点,不同学历人口的就业形势可以反映劳动力市场需求和教育投资回报率。通过对经合组织2000—2023年《教育概览》数据的分析发现,劳动力市场不断提高的技能要求、各国教育投入的比率缩减以及毕业生个人和社会更高的期望,影响不同学历人口的就业。大多数经合组织国家毕业生的就业率随着受教育程度的提高而上升,高等教育毕业生的就业率明显高于高中毕业生的就业率,没有高中学历的人和高中毕业生之间的就业率差距也很大。毕业生从教育到工作的过渡变得更加困难,尽管大多数经合组织国家出生率低、老龄化严重、青年群体规模一直在下降,但进入劳动力市场的成年人的学历一直在上升,且不同学历对就业的直接影响日益明显并在不断扩大。各国可在增加教育机会与提升高等教育质量的过程中进一步加强学历教育,让更多的人有机会接受更高的学历教育。

The employment of graduates from higher institutions has always been the focus of the whole society.The employment situation of individuals with different degrees not only reflects the demands of the labor market,but also reflects the return on education investment.Through the analysis of the data of OECD countries’Education at a Glance in 2000-2023,it is concluded that the increasing skill requirements of the labor market,the reduction of the proportion of education investment in various countries,and the higher personal and social expectations of graduates affect the employment of people with different degrees.Most OECD countries have witnessed a significant rise in employment rate with the promotion of education.The employment rate of higher education graduates is significantly higher than that of high school graduates.Moreover,the gap between the employment rate of high school graduates and those lacking high school education is particularly wide.It is generally believed that the transition from education to work has become more difficult.Although most OECD countries have been declining due to low birth rates,serious aging,and a declining youth population,the education level of adults entering the labor market has been increasing,and the direct impact of different education levels on employment is becoming increasingly evident and expanding.Countries all over the world need to further strengthen higher academic education in the process of increasing educational opportunities and improving the quality of higher education,so that more people have the opportunity to receive higher academic education.