生态正义的两重困境、基本原则与实现路径

The Dual Dilemma,Basic Principles,and Implementation Path of Ecological Justice

生态正义是社会正义向生态环境的延伸,是人们合理利用自然,尊重自然的内在价值,也是人们在生态资源上有同等的使用权利,承担同等的保护义务。首先,生态正义实质是人与人的关系和谐,保障人的生态权利和生态义务的对等,实现生产正义和分配正义。其次,生态正义具有历史和地理的维度,其实践困境也呈现为历史维度和地理维度的两重困境,有着代际不公、区域失衡等问题。再次,生态正义需要从历史维度和地理维度坚持可持续发展、生态权责对等、生态主体协作、生态补偿等原则。最后,生态问题的根源是资本主义生产方式,需要从历史维度上采取可持续的实践方式,协调代内和代际的生态利益,在地理维度上正确处理人与自然的关系,推进生态治理的国际协作,在全球实行生态经济,推动生态文明建设。

Ecological justice is the extension of social justice to the ecological environment.It is about people′s rational use of nature,respecting its inherent value,and having equal rights to use ecological resources and assuming equal protection obligations.Firstly,ecological justice is essentially the harmonious relationship between people,ensuring the equivalence of ecological rights and obligations,and achieving production justice and distribution justice.Secondly,ecological justice has both historical and geographical dimensions,and its practical dilemma presents a dual dilemma of historical and geographical dimensions,with issues such as intergenerational injustice and regional imbalance.Thirdly,ecological justice requires adhering to principles such as sustainable development,equal ecological rights and responsibilities,ecological subject cooperation,and ecological compensation from both historical and geographical dimensions.Finally,the root cause of ecological problems lies in the capitalist mode of production,which requires a sustainable practical approach from a historical perspective,coordinating ecological interests within and between generations,correctly handling the relationship between humans and nature from a geographical perspective,promoting international cooperation in ecological governance,implementing ecological economy globally,and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.