体育活动对大学生社交焦虑的影响:身体意象和心理资本的链式中介效应

Influence of sports activities on social anxiety among college students:The chain mediating effect of physical image and psychological capital

目的:探究体育活动与大学生社交焦虑之间的关系,同时检验身体意象和心理资本的链式中介作用。方法:采用体育锻炼等级量表、身体意象量表、积极心理资本量表、社交焦虑量表对907名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:①体育活动与大学生身体意象(r=0.321,P<0.001)和心理资本(r=0.456,P<0.001)呈显著正相关,身体意象与心理资本呈显著正相关(r=0.595,P<0.001),以上三者都与社交焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.328,-0.346,-0.436;P<0.001);②中介效应分析显示,体育活动对大学生社交焦虑的直接效应显著,效应值为-0.151,占总效应的47.63%;身体意象和心理资本在体育活动与大学生社交焦虑之间均起到单独中介作用,效应值分别为-0.038、-0.083,分别占总效应的11.99%、26.18%,同时也起到链式中介作用,效应值为-0.045,占总效应的14.2%。结论:体育活动不仅可以直接影响大学生社交焦虑,还可以通过促进身体意象和心理资本水平以间接预防和缓解个体的社交焦虑问题。

Objective:To explore the relationship between sports activities and social anxiety among college students,while examining the chain mediating effect of physical image and psychological capital.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted on 907 college students using the Physical Exercise Level Scale,Body Image Scale,Positive Psychological Capital Scale,and Social Anxiety Scale.Results:①Sports activities were significantly positively correlated with college students'physical image(r=0.321,P<0.001)and psychological capital(r=0.456,P<0.001).Physical image was significantly positively correlated with psychological capital(r=0.595,P<0.001),and all three were significantly negatively correlated with social anxiety(r=-0.328,-0.346,-0.436;P<0.001);②Mediation analysis showed that the direct effect of sports activities on college students'social anxiety was significant,with an effect value of-0.151,accounting for 47.63%of the total effect.Both physical image and psychological capital played separate mediating roles between sports activities and college students'social anxiety,with effect values of-0.038 and-0.083,accounting for 11.99%and 26.18%of the total effect,respectively.They also played a chain mediating role,with an effect value of-0.045,accounting for 14.2%of the total effect.Conclusion:Sports activities can not only directly influence college students'social anxiety but also indirectly prevent and alleviate individual social anxiety problems by promoting levels of physical image and psychological capital.