20世纪初塔里木盆地大旱与生态响应

Severe Drought and Ecological Response in the Tarim Basin in the Early 20th Century

基于多源数据,反演了近代塔里木盆地的一次严重干旱事件。结果表明,20世纪初,特别是1917-1918年,盆地西北-西南缘形成了一条弧形干旱带,喀什噶尔河与叶尔羌河流域气温降低,降水减少,盆地南北缘河流径流量居于此后近百年的最低水平,发生严重旱情。干旱带与盆地内人口分布和灌溉热点区重叠,人水矛盾加剧,水体渠化严重。与此同时,盆地内的部分水系解体,水体变干,沙漠扩展,进而危及河湖沼泽和植被,一些动物种群因栖息地环境退化而灭绝或濒临灭绝。本次旱情的气候背景或与北大西洋涛动所引起西风暖湿气流受到抑制及北极冷干气团增强相关。

Based on multi-source data,this article identifies and reconstructs a severe drought event in the modern Tarim Basin.The results show that in the early 20th century,especially in 1917 and 1918,an arc-shaped drought zone formed along the northwest to southwest edge of the basin.The temperature in the Kashgar and Yarkant River basins decreased,precipitation reduced,and the river flow at the north and south edges of the basin reached its lowest level in nearly a hundred years,resulting in severe drought.The drought zone overlapped with the population distribution and irrigation hotspots within the basin,intensifying the conflict between humans and water,and causing severe canalization of water bodies.At the same time,some water systems within the basin disintegrated,water bodies dried up,the desert expanded,endangering rivers,lakes,marshes,and vegetation.Some animal populations became extinct due to the degradation of their habitats.The climatic background of this drought event may be related to the suppression of warm and moist westerlies caused by the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO),and the strengthening of the Arctic cold and dry air masses.