齿垢密螺旋体与慢性牙周炎关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between Treponema denticola and chronic periodontitis

齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola,Td)是一种革兰氏阴性厌氧菌,属解糖密螺旋体。慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)是一种由细菌侵犯牙周组织而引起的慢性炎症,细菌是CP发生发展的始动因子,堆积在牙面及龈沟内的细菌及其产物会诱发炎症反应,为细菌的繁殖提供有利条件,使细菌进一步向龈下扩展,从而破坏牙周组织。Td被认作中等证据的牙周致病菌,其在正常牙周组织中检出率较低,但在CP患者中检测率高,且与牙周袋深度和探诊出血程度密切相关,在CP的发生发展中扮演着重要角色。由于Td在形态学特征上与其他牙周致病菌有明显区别,故本文就Td的生物学特征、在CP中的致病情况、检测情况及治疗情况的研究做一综述。

Treponema denticola(Td)is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium spira.Chronic periodontitis(CP)is a chronic inflammation caused by the invasion of periodontal tissues by bacteria.Bacteria are the starting factors for the occurrence and development of CP.The bacteria and their products accumulated in the dental surface and gingival crevicular will induce inflammatory reactions,provide favorable conditions for the reproduction of bacteria,and enable the bacteria to further expand to the subgingival area,thus breaking the periodontal tissue.Td is recognized as a periodontal pathogen with moderate evidence,with a low detection rate in normal periodontal tissue,but a high detection rate in CP patients,and is closely related to the periodontal pocket depth and the degree of probing bleeding,playing an important role in the occurrence and development of CP.Since Td is clearly different from other periodontal pathogens in morphological characteristics,this paper summarizes the research on the biological characteristics of Td,the pathogenesis,detection and treatment of Td in CP.