不同电学参数和水流条件下电栅对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的阻拦效果

THE BARRIER EFFECT OF ELECTRIC FENCE ON CYPRINUS CARPIO UNDER DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS AND FLOW CONDITIONS

脉冲直流电导阻鱼技术已被广泛应用于阻止入侵物种扩散、驱赶鱼类远离危险区域并将其引导至有利区域,如鱼道。但是脉冲直流电的有效性受多方面因素的影响,其主导因素目前尚未定论。以鲤为研究对象,在静水条件下采用4因素3水平正交实验方法分析了脉冲电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率和电极摆放方式的电栅拦鱼效果及其对鱼类受伤尾数的主次影响,然后选择最优组合开展不同流速下(0,0.3,0.5 m/s)的驱鱼实验,分析流速对拦鱼效果的影响。结果表明:在静水工况下,影响拦鱼电栅效率的主要因素为电极布置方式>脉冲宽度>脉冲频率>脉冲电压,电极布置为方式1(垂直水流间距80 cm)、脉冲电压140 V、脉冲频率10 Hz、脉冲宽度10 ms是拦鱼效果最佳的组合。电学参数对鲤的伤害无显著性,平均受伤尾数不超过实验鱼总数的15%。流水条件下,三种流速工况下拦鱼电栅的阻拦率无显著差异,但是随着流速的增高阻拦率呈现先降低后增加的趋势。该研究将为保护鱼类资源和防止入侵鱼类跨区域传播提供依据。

Pulsed direct current electric fencing technology has been widely used to repel invasive species,keep fish away from dangerous areas,and stay within designed zones,such as fish passage.The effectiveness of an electric fencing is influenced by many factors,and there is no consensus concerning what are the primary and secondary effects of these factors.Common carp(Cyprinus carpio)was chosen for research in our orthogonal experiment design.The optimal pulse voltage(PV),pulse frequency(PF),pulse width(PW),and electrode arrangement(EA)in static water were determined.In addition,the effects of the four factors on the fencing effectiveness and fish injury were ascertained.Moreover,the fish effect of flow velocity at 0,0.3,and 0.5 m/s on driving fish was specified.Results show that the effectiveness of the four factors was in the order of EA>PW>PF>PV.The optimal combination was:vertical electrode arrangement in spacing of 80 cm,PV at 140 V,PF of 10 Hz,and PW of 10 ms.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in fish injury among the four factors,and the average number of injuries was below 15%of the total number of fish tested.With the increase of flow velocity,the rate of electric fencing decreased first and then increased in general,showing no significant difference.